Persisters, persistent infections and the Yin-Yang model.
Persisters, persistent infections and the Yin-Yang model.
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DOI：
10.1038/emi.2014.3
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Zhang, Ying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Ying
持效细菌是一小部分静止的细菌细胞，它们在致命的抗生素或压力下存活，但在适当的条件下可以再生。持续性感染是持续性和潜伏性感染以及治疗后复发的基础，对许多细菌感染的治疗构成了重大挑战。目前的定义存在的缺点，和阴阳模型提出来描述的异构性质的持久性，必须在高度特定的条件下定义。尽管70多年前就发现了它们，但人们对坚持者的机制知之甚少。最近的研究已经确定了一些基因和途径，揭示了持久形成或生存的机制。这些包括毒素-抗毒素模块、严格反应、DNA修复或保护、磷酸盐代谢、替代能量产生、外排、抗氧化防御和大分子降解。更敏感的单细胞技术需要更好地了解持久机制。在机制和治疗方法方面，细菌持久性的研究与其他微生物（真菌，寄生虫，病毒）和癌症干细胞的研究相似。针对持续性感染的新药和疫苗对于改善持续性感染甚至癌症的治疗至关重要。新的治疗策略持续和持续感染进行了讨论。
Persisters are a small fraction of quiescent bacterial cells that survive lethal antibiotics or stresses but can regrow under appropriate conditions. Persisters underlie persistent and latent infections and post-treatment relapse, posing significant challenges for the treatment of many bacterial infections. The current definition of persisters has drawbacks, and a Yin–Yang model is proposed to describe the heterogeneous nature of persisters that have to be defined in highly specific conditions. Despite their discovery more than 70 years ago, the mechanisms of persisters are poorly understood. Recent studies have identified a number of genes and pathways that shed light on the mechanisms of persister formation or survival. These include toxin–antitoxin modules, stringent response, DNA repair or protection, phosphate metabolism, alternative energy production, efflux, anti-oxidative defense and macromolecule degradation. More sensitive single-cell techniques are required for a better understanding of persister mechanisms. Studies of bacterial persisters have parallels in other microbes (fungi, parasites, viruses) and cancer stem cells in terms of mechanisms and treatment approaches. New drugs and vaccines targeting persisters are critical for improved treatment of persistent infections and perhaps cancers. Novel treatment strategies for persisters and persistent infections are discussed.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1631248100
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
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