Territorial dynamics and stable home range formation for central place foragers.
Territorial dynamics and stable home range formation for central place foragers.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0034033
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Giuggioli L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Potts JR;Harris S;Giuggioli L
揭示领土形成背后的机制是行为生态学的一个基本问题。在广泛的分类群中，基本的同种回避过程的广泛性质被很好地记录下来。气味标记在许多陆生哺乳动物中尤其常见，并被认为是交流的基础。然而，尽管它很重要，但气味线索和信息持续的时间尺度的准确量化仍然难以捉摸。本文作者最近的工作已经开始阐明这个问题，通过将动物模拟为具有气味中介相互作用过程的随机漫步者。领土以动态物体的形式出现，不断改变形状，缓慢移动，而不是固定在一个位置。因此，这种动物的利用分布导致家养范围缓慢增加，就像城市狐狸(秃鹫)所显示的那样。然而，对于某些其他物种，它们的栖息地达到了稳定的状态。目前的工作表明，除了气味介导的同种回避外，当每种动物作为中央觅食地移动时，稳定的家园范围就会出现。也就是说，动物的运动具有随机性，但也偏向于固定的位置，如洞穴或筑巢地点。动态领土出现，但领土边界位置的概率分布达到稳定状态，导致从领土动态中出现稳定的主域范围。给出了动物概率密度函数的近似解析表达式。给出了一个程序，用于使用这些表达式来量化动物向中心位置移动的偏差的强度，以及气味信息持续存在的时间尺度。与以往建立同种回避中心地觅食动物模型的理论工作进行了比较。对动物空间使用异速生长比例法则背后的一些机制也给出了一些见解。
Uncovering the mechanisms behind territory formation is a fundamental problem in behavioural ecology. The broad nature of the underlying conspecific avoidance processes are well documented across a wide range of taxa. Scent marking in particular is common to a large range of terrestrial mammals and is known to be fundamental for communication. However, despite its importance, exact quantification of the time-scales over which scent cues and messages persist remains elusive. Recent work by the present authors has begun to shed light on this problem by modelling animals as random walkers with scent-mediated interaction processes. Territories emerge as dynamic objects that continually change shape and slowly move without settling to a fixed location. As a consequence, the utilisation distribution of such an animal results in a slowly increasing home range, as shown for urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes). For certain other species, however, home ranges reach a stable state. The present work shows that stable home ranges arise when, in addition to scent-mediated conspecific avoidance, each animal moves as a central place forager. That is, the animal's movement has a random aspect but is also biased towards a fixed location, such as a den or nest site. Dynamic territories emerge but the probability distribution of the territory border locations reaches a steady state, causing stable home ranges to emerge from the territorial dynamics. Approximate analytic expressions for the animal's probability density function are derived. A programme is given for using these expressions to quantify both the strength of the animal's movement bias towards the central place and the time-scale over which scent messages persist. Comparisons are made with previous theoretical work modelling central place foragers with conspecific avoidance. Some insights into the mechanisms behind allometric scaling laws of animal space use are also given.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Foerster, CR;Vaughan, C
通讯作者：
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2.9
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作者：
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