Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
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DOI:
10.3390/molecules25235533
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发表时间:
2020-11-25
期刊:
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Freeman S
Freeman S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
El-Sharkawy LY;Brough D;Freeman S

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炎性小体是在几种炎性疾病中重要的蛋白质复合物。炎性小体形成先天免疫系统的一部分,其触发炎性细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-18的活化。在无菌性炎症和非传染性疾病中研究最多的炎性小体是NLRP 3炎性小体。在被多种病原体或疾病相关信号激活后,NLRP 3使衔接蛋白ASC的寡聚化成核,形成用于蛋白酶半胱天冬酶-1的募集和激活的平台(炎性体)。活性半胱天冬酶-1催化IL-1β和IL-18的加工和释放,并通过裂解成孔蛋白gasdermin D可驱动pyroptotic细胞死亡。本文综述了NLRP 3炎性体信号转导的结构基础和机制,为药物设计提供了直接炎性体抑制剂的化学结构、活性和临床应用潜力。NLRP 3与NEK 7蛋白结合的cryo-EM结构提供了结构洞察力,并有助于利用基于配体或基于结构的方法发现新的NLRP 3抑制剂。
Inflammasomes are protein complexes which are important in several inflammatory diseases. Inflammasomes form part of the innate immune system that triggers the activation of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The inflammasome most studied in sterile inflammation and non-communicable disease is the NLRP3 inflammasome. Upon activation by diverse pathogen or disease associated signals, NLRP3 nucleates the oligomerization of an adaptor protein ASC forming a platform (the inflammasome) for the recruitment and activation of the protease caspase-1. Active caspase-1 catalyzes the processing and release of IL-1β and IL-18, and via cleavage of the pore forming protein gasdermin D can drive pyroptotic cell death. This review focuses on the structural basis and mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the context of drug design, providing chemical structures, activities, and clinical potential of direct inflammasome inhibitors. A cryo-EM structure of NLRP3 bound to NEK7 protein provides structural insight and aids in the discovery of novel NLRP3 inhibitors utilizing ligand-based or structure-based approaches.
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