Red Bull® energy drink increases consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol
Red Bull® energy drink increases consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol
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Red Bull® 能量饮料会增加高浓度酒精的消耗
DOI：
10.1111/adb.12560
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
J. A. López
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marta Roldán;V. Echeverry;K. Bühler;Israel J Sánchez;J. Calleja;P. Olmos;S. Boehm;R. Maldonado;F. Rodríguez de Fonseca;C. Santiago;F. Gómez;E. Giné;J. A. López
将酒精与含咖啡因的能量饮料混合是一种常见的做法，尤其是在年轻人中。在人类中，对这个问题的研究主要集中在大众销售的能量饮料本身的使用上，而在动物模型中，它的重点是其活性成分（即咖啡因）的个体影响。在这里，我们描述了红牛®（全球消费量最大的含咖啡因能量饮料之一）如何调节 Wistar 大鼠的操作性酒精自我管理。我们发现动物对红牛反应迅速且稳定（平均：90 次反应，30 分钟，固定比例 1），并伴有运动刺激效应（增加 26%）。酒精浓度越高（3-20%），红牛-酒精混合组的酒精消耗量（克/千克）和相关血液酒精浓度（91.76%）越高（增加 60%）。 30 分钟的训练后，红牛组的血液咖啡因水平为 4.69 μg/ml，红牛酒精组的血液咖啡因水平为 1.31 μg/ml。由于红牛还含有 11% 的蔗糖，因此我们检查了血糖以及胰岛素和皮质酮的时间进程。饮用红牛后90分钟与血糖水平的相关性高于饮用后5分钟的相关性，与血液胰岛素或血液皮质酮水平无关。红牛不会改变对酒精反应的消失和重新获得，也不会影响复发性饮酒。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，红牛可能是导致酗酒的一个脆弱因素，因为它会加剧高浓度酒精的消耗。
Mixing alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice, especially among young people. In humans, the research on this issue has mainly focused on the use of the mass‐marketed energy drinks themselves, whereas in animal models, it has focused on the individual effects of their active ingredients (i.e. caffeine). Here, we have characterized how Red Bull®, one of the most consumed caffeinated energy drink worldwide, modulates operant alcohol self‐administration in Wistar rats. We found that animals readily and steadily responded for Red Bull (mean: 90 responses, 30 minutes and fixed‐ratio 1), which was accompanied by locomotor stimulating effects (26 percent increase). The higher the concentration of alcohol (3–20 percent), the higher the consumption of alcohol (g/kg) and associated blood alcohol levels (91.76 percent) in the mixed Red Bull–alcohol group (60 percent increase). Blood caffeine levels in the Red Bull group were 4.69 μg/ml and 1.31 μg/ml in the Red Bull–alcohol group after the 30‐minute session. Because Red Bull also contains 11 percent sucrose, we examined the time course of blood glucose as well as insulin and corticosterone. The correlation between intake of Red Bull and blood glucose levels was higher at 90 minutes than 5 minutes after its consumption, and there was no relationship with blood insulin or blood corticosterone levels. Red Bull did not alter extinction and reacquisition of responding for alcohol nor did it affect relapse‐like drinking. Overall, our results suggest that Red Bull might be a vulnerability factor to develop alcoholism given that it intensifies the consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol.
影响因子：
6
作者：
Panlilio, Leigh V.;Goldberg, Steven R.
通讯作者：
Goldberg, Steven R.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Bonar, Erin E.;Cunningham, Rebecca M.;Polshkova, Svitlana;Chermack, Stephen T.;Blow, Frederic C.;Walton, Maureen A.
通讯作者：
Walton, Maureen A.
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Marczinski CA;Fillmore MT
通讯作者：
Fillmore MT