Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells control the information rate of the optic nerve.
Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells control the information rate of the optic nerve.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1810701115
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发表时间：
2018-12-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lucas RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milosavljevic N;Storchi R;Eleftheriou CG;Colins A;Petersen RS;Lucas RJ
视觉信号中的噪声随着环境光线的增加而福尔斯，从而使视网膜能够从场景中提取更多的信息。我们在这里表明，由少数内部视网膜光感受器[固有光敏视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGC）]产生的环境光的测量调节形成视神经的视网膜神经节细胞群体的内在尖峰放电率。在更高的辐照度下增加的放电允许神经节细胞传递更多的信息。我们的研究结果揭示了一个潜在的机制，在高环境光下增加视觉性能，并表明，在保持活动的变化可以用来提供主动控制在中枢神经系统中的信息流的速率。大脑中的信息传递依赖于神经元的能量昂贵的尖峰活动。因此，信息流的速度应该仔细优化，但控制这一参数的机制知之甚少。我们解决了视觉系统中的这种缺陷，其中环境光（辐照度）是到达眼睛的信息量的预测，并询问辐照度的神经测量是否因此可以用于主动控制信息流沿着视神经。我们首先表明，视网膜的输出神经元[视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）]的放电率与辐照度成比例，并与信息的速率和视觉反应的增益呈正相关。在没有任何其他视觉信号的情况下，辐照度调制发射，确认这是对变化的环境光的真实反应。在整个RGC群体中观察到辐射驱动的放电变化（包括ON和OFF单元），但在缺乏黑视素的小鼠中被破坏[辐射编码的固有光敏RGC（ipRGC）的色素]，并且可以在稳定的光暴露下通过ipRGC的化学发生激活来诱导。通过ipRGC的化学发生激发来牺牲性地提高放电足以通过增加视觉响应的增益来增加信息流，这表明增强的放电是在较高辐照度下增加信息传递的原因。我们的研究结果建立了一个视网膜电路驱动RGC放电的变化，作为对环境光变化的主动反应，以调整传输到大脑的视觉信息量。
Noise in the visual signal falls as ambient light increases, allowing the retina to extract more information from the scene. We show here that a measure of ambient light produced by the small number of inner retinal photoreceptors [intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)] regulates intrinsic rates of spike firing across the population of retinal ganglion cells that form the optic nerve. Increased firing at higher irradiance allows the ganglion cells to convey more information. Our findings reveal a potential mechanism for increasing visual performance at high ambient light and show that changes in maintained activity can be used to provide proactive control over rates of information flow in the CNS. Information transfer in the brain relies upon energetically expensive spiking activity of neurons. Rates of information flow should therefore be carefully optimized, but mechanisms to control this parameter are poorly understood. We address this deficit in the visual system, where ambient light (irradiance) is predictive of the amount of information reaching the eye and ask whether a neural measure of irradiance can therefore be used to proactively control information flow along the optic nerve. We first show that firing rates for the retina’s output neurons [retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)] scale with irradiance and are positively correlated with rates of information and the gain of visual responses. Irradiance modulates firing in the absence of any other visual signal confirming that this is a genuine response to changing ambient light. Irradiance-driven changes in firing are observed across the population of RGCs (including in both ON and OFF units) but are disrupted in mice lacking melanopsin [the photopigment of irradiance-coding intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs)] and can be induced under steady light exposure by chemogenetic activation of ipRGCs. Artificially elevating firing by chemogenetic excitation of ipRGCs is sufficient to increase information flow by increasing the gain of visual responses, indicating that enhanced firing is a cause of increased information transfer at higher irradiance. Our results establish a retinal circuitry driving changes in RGC firing as an active response to alterations in ambient light to adjust the amount of visual information transmitted to the brain.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Milosavljevic, Nina;Cehajic-Kapetanovic, Jasmina;Procyk, Christopher A.;Lucas, Robert J.
通讯作者：
Lucas, Robert J.
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Koch, K;McLean, J;Freed, MA
通讯作者：
Freed, MA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0700293104
发表时间：
2007-03-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Armbruster, Blaine N.;Li, Xiang;Roth, Bryan L.
通讯作者：
Roth, Bryan L.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Brown TM;Gias C;Hatori M;Keding SR;Semo M;Coffey PJ;Gigg J;Piggins HD;Panda S;Lucas RJ
通讯作者：
Lucas RJ
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Milosavljevic N;Allen AE;Cehajic-Kapetanovic J;Lucas RJ
通讯作者：
Lucas RJ