Audio in VR: Effects of a Soundscape and Movement-Triggered Step Sounds on Presence.
Audio in VR: Effects of a Soundscape and Movement-Triggered Step Sounds on Presence.
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DOI：
10.3389/frobt.2020.00020
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ellermeier W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kern AC;Ellermeier W
对于有效的虚拟现实，“存在”，即在虚拟环境（VR）中“存在”的感觉，被认为是一个必要的先决条件。几项研究已经评估了听觉刺激（非）可用性对在场的影响，但由于研究设计的差异（例如，使用的虚拟现实、包括的声音类型、采用的呈现技术），概括结果和估计听觉分量的效果是困难的。在两个实验中，一个环境的自然声景和运动触发的步骤的声音的影响进行了研究，就其存在的影响。在每个实验中，大约40名参与者在跑步机上行走，从而漫步通过立体头戴式显示器（HMD）再现的虚拟公园环境，而声学环境通过降噪耳机传递。在实验1中，环境音景和脚步声的条件下，无论是存在或不存在，结合在一个2 × 2的被试内设计，并补充了一个额外的“无耳机”的控制条件。对于脚步声的同步回放，通过使用HMD的传感器数据的算法来估计迈出一步的概率。实验1的结果表明，存在性和现实主义的测量是由音景的影响，但不是由复制的步骤，这可能是混淆的事实，即感知的同步性的传感器触发的步骤的声音被评为相当低。因此，在实验2中，逐步再现算法进行了改进，并判断更同步的参与者。因此，观察到这两种音频操作对感知存在和现实主义的大的和统计上显著的影响，其中声景的影响大于包括脚步声的影响，这可能是由于再现步骤中的剩余缺陷。包括一个适当的音景或自我触发的脚步声存在的分量表有不同的影响，在这两个影响整体的存在和现实主义，而参与度提高和分心减少的环境音景。
For effective virtual realities, “presence,” the feeling of “being there” in a virtual environment (VR), is deemed an essential prerequisite. Several studies have assessed the effect of the (non-)availability of auditory stimulation on presence, but due to differences in study design (e.g., virtual realities used, types of sounds included, rendering technologies employed), generalizing the results and estimating the effect of the auditory component is difficult. In two experiments, the influence of an ambient nature soundscape and movement-triggered step sounds were investigated regarding their effects on presence. In each experiment, approximately forty participants walked on a treadmill, thereby strolling through a virtual park environment reproduced via a stereoscopic head-mounted display (HMD), while the acoustical environment was delivered via noise-canceling headphones. In Experiment 1, conditions with the ambient soundscape and the step sounds either present or absent were combined in a 2 × 2 within-subjects design, supplemented with an additional “no-headphones” control condition. For the synchronous playback of step sounds, the probability of a step being taken was estimated by an algorithm using the HMD's sensor data. The results of Experiment 1 show that questionnaire-based measures of presence and realism were influenced by the soundscape but not by the reproduction of steps, which might be confounded with the fact that the perceived synchronicity of the sensor-triggered step sounds was rated rather low. Therefore, in Experiment 2, the step-reproduction algorithm was improved and judged to be more synchronous by participants. Consequently, large and statistically significant effects of both kinds of audio manipulations on perceived presence and realism were observed, with the effect of the soundscape being larger than that of including footstep sounds, possibly due to the remaining imperfections in the reproduction of steps. Including an appropriate soundscape or self-triggered footsteps had differential effects on subscales of presence, in that both affected overall presence and realism, while involvement was improved and distraction reduced by the ambient soundscape only.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ahrens, Axel;Lund, Kasper Duemose;Dau, Torsten
通讯作者：
Dau, Torsten
DOI：
10.1162/105474603322761289
发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nowak, KL;Biocca, F
通讯作者：
Biocca, F
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Schubert, T;Friedmann, F;Regenbrecht, H
通讯作者：
Regenbrecht, H
DOI：
10.1089/109493101300117929
发表时间：
2001-04-01
期刊：
CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Larsson, P;Västfjäll, D;Kleiner, M
通讯作者：
Kleiner, M
DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2011.30
发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Nordahl, Rolf;Turchet, Luca;Serafin, Stefania
通讯作者：
Serafin, Stefania