A Penalized Likelihood Method for Balancing Accuracy and Fairness in Predictive Policing
A Penalized Likelihood Method for Balancing Accuracy and Fairness in Predictive Policing
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平衡预测警务准确性和公平性的惩罚似然法
DOI:
10.1109/smc.2018.00421
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brantingham, Jeffrey
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mohler, George;Raje, Rajeev;Carter, Jeremy;Valasik, Matthew;Brantingham, Jeffrey
Racial bias of predictive policing algorithms has been the focus of recent research and, in the case of Hawkes processes, feedback loops are possible where biased arrests are amplified through self-excitation, leading to hotspot formation and further arrests of minority populations. In this article we develop a penalized likelihood approach for introducing fairness into point process models of crime. In particular, we add a penalty term to the likelihood function that encourages the amount of police patrol received by each of several demographic groups to be proportional to the representation of that group in the total population. We apply our model to historical crime incident data in Indianapolis and measure the fairness and accuracy of the two approaches across several crime categories. We show that fairness can be introduced into point process models of crime so that patrol levels proportionally match demographics, though at a cost of reduced accuracy of the algorithms.
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