Challenges facing sustainable protein production: Opportunities for cereals.
Challenges facing sustainable protein production: Opportunities for cereals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100716
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发表时间：
2023-11-13
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Boden, Scott A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Safdar, Luqman B.;Foulkes, M. John;Kleiner, Friedrich H.;Searle, Iain R.;Bhosale, Rahul A.;Fisk, Ian D.;Boden, Scott A.
全球对蛋白质需求的不断增长可能会推动畜牧业生产的增长，因为肉类提供了近40%的膳食蛋白质。这将以巨大的环境成本为代价，因此，转向植物性蛋白质来源将带来重大利益。虽然豆类提供了大量的植物性蛋白质，但谷物是全球食物的主要成分，仅小麦就占所需膳食蛋白质摄入量的15-20%。小麦中蛋白质含量的提高受到表型挑战、缺乏现代种质的遗传潜力、负产量权衡和氮肥的环境成本的限制。以小麦为例，我们讨论了如何通过修订的育种策略结合稳健的表型来增加谷物中的蛋白质含量，以确保可持续的蛋白质供应，同时最大限度地减少氮肥对环境的影响。食品的营养质量是一个日益严峻的挑战，因为预计到2050年，全球对蛋白质生产的需求将翻一番。谷物提供了全球热量和蛋白质需求的很大一部分，它们为可持续的蛋白质生产提供了比牲畜更环保的选择。随着关于植物脉管系统改变和衰老对谷物蛋白质水平影响的新信息，谷物有新的机会对整体蛋白质供应做出重大贡献。
Rising demands for protein worldwide are likely to drive increases in livestock production, as meat provides ∼40% of dietary protein. This will come at a significant environmental cost, and a shift toward plant-based protein sources would therefore provide major benefits. While legumes provide substantial amounts of plant-based protein, cereals are the major constituents of global foods, with wheat alone accounting for 15–20% of the required dietary protein intake. Improvement of protein content in wheat is limited by phenotyping challenges, lack of genetic potential of modern germplasms, negative yield trade-offs, and environmental costs of nitrogen fertilizers. Presenting wheat as a case study, we discuss how increasing protein content in cereals through a revised breeding strategy combined with robust phenotyping could ensure a sustainable protein supply while minimizing the environmental impact of nitrogen fertilizer. The nutritional quality of food is a growing challenge, as global demand for protein production is predicted to double by 2050. Cereals supply a large proportion of global caloric and protein needs, and they provide a more environmentally friendly option for sustainable protein production than livestock. With new information on the effects of altered plant vasculature and senescence on grain protein levels, there are new opportunities for cereals to make a significant contribution to overall protein supply.
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影响因子：
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