A review of the phytochemical support for the shifting defence hypothesis.
A review of the phytochemical support for the shifting defence hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11101-010-9195-8
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发表时间：
2011-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vrieling K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doorduin LJ;Vrieling K
已经发展了几种理论来解释为什么入侵物种非常成功，并在新的地区发展成为害虫物种。转移防御假说（SDH）认为，入侵植物物种在入侵地区迅速进化到新的防御水平，因为它们缺乏专门的食草动物，但仍然受到当地（新的）通才食草动物的攻击。SDH预测，植物应该增加其廉价的有毒防御化合物，并降低其昂贵的可消化性降低化合物。作为一个净结果，节省资源，可以分配给生长和繁殖，使这些植物的竞争优势超过当地植物物种。我们进行了一项文献研究，以测试是否在一般的有毒防御化合物的入侵面积增加，如果消化率降低化合物降低。我们专门研究了吡咯里西啶生物碱的水平，这是一种毒素，以其对专家和通才的有益和有害影响而闻名。消化率降低者没有表现出明显的趋势，这可能是由于研究和测量的特征数量较少。Meta分析表明，有毒化合物的一般和吡咯里西啶生物碱的水平，特别是在入侵地区显着增加，支持的SDH的预测，一个快速的演变发生在分配到防御。
Several theories have been developed to explain why invasive species are very successful and develop into pest species in their new area. The shifting defence hypothesis (SDH) argues that invasive plant species quickly evolve towards new defence levels in the invaded area because they lack their specialist herbivores but are still under attack by local (new) generalist herbivores. The SDH predicts that plants should increase their cheap, toxic defence compounds and lower their expensive digestibility reducing compounds. As a net result resources are saved that can be allocated to growth and reproduction giving these plants a competitive edge over the local plant species. We conducted a literature study to test whether toxic defence compounds in general are increased in the invaded area and if digestibility reducing compounds are lowered. We specifically studied the levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a toxin which is known for its beneficial and detrimental impact against specialists and generalists, respectively. Digestibility reducers did not show a clear trend which might be due to the small number of studies and traits measured. The meta analysis showed that toxic compounds in general and pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels specifically, increased significantly in the invaded area, supporting the predictions of the SDH that a fast evolution takes place in the allocation towards defence.
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