NOD2, an intracellular innate immune sensor involved in host defense and Crohn's disease.
NOD2, an intracellular innate immune sensor involved in host defense and Crohn's disease.
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核苷酸结合寡聚结构域2 （NOD2）是细菌细胞壁成分肽聚糖衍生的小肽的细胞内传感器。最近的研究揭示了NOD2在先天免疫应答中的意想不到的功能，如诱导I型IFN和促进自噬；此外，他们还揭示了NOD2和toll样受体之间广泛的串扰，这在宿主防御微生物感染和自身免疫的发展中都起着不可或缺的作用。特别有趣的是，编码NOD2的CARD15多态性与克罗恩病和其他自身免疫状态（如移植物抗宿主病）有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了NOD2正常功能的最新发现，并讨论了与克罗恩病相关的NOD2多态性导致肠道炎症的机制。
Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular sensor for small peptides derived from the bacterial cell wall component, peptidoglycan. Recent studies have uncovered unexpected functions of NOD2 in innate immune responses such as induction of type I IFN and facilitation of autophagy; moreover, they have disclosed extensive cross-talk between NOD2 and Toll-like receptors which plays an indispensable role both in host defense against microbial infection and in the development of autoimmunity. Of particular interest, polymorphisms of CARD15 encoding NOD2 are associated with Crohn's disease and other autoimmune states such as graft versus host disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding normal functions of NOD2 and discuss the mechanisms by which NOD2 polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease lead to intestinal inflammation.
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