Genetic diversity increases insect herbivory on oak saplings.
Genetic diversity increases insect herbivory on oak saplings.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0044247
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jactel H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castagneyrol B;Lagache L;Giffard B;Kremer A;Jactel H
来自群落遗传学研究的越来越多的证据表明，植物物种丰富度支持的生态系统功能也可以由植物物种内部的遗传多样性提供。这对于多样性-抗性关系来说还不是正确的，因为目前还不清楚昆虫食草动物的损害是否对寄主植物种群的遗传多样性有反应。本研究以1 ~ 4个栎（Quercus robur）同父异母栎（half-sib）科为研究对象，采用合成群落法进行了田间操作试验。通过对所有栎树幼树进行基因分型，在样地水平上量化遗传多样性，并沿遗传多样性增加的梯度评估外食和内食草食动物对栎树造成的总体损害。外食食草动物造成的损害随着橡树树苗种群遗传多样性的增加而增加，这是由于混合栽培比所有家庭的单一栽培的损害程度更高（互补效应），而不是因为混合栽培中存在更敏感的橡树基因型（选择效应）。不同橡木基因型的组合将通过改善寄主斑块位置、在邻近树苗之间的溢出和饮食混合而有利于多食食草动物。相比之下，遗传多样性不能很好地预测食源性草食动物的丰度，其丰度随着个体树苗的增加而增加。植物遗传多样性可能不能提供足够的功能对比，以防止专门性食草动物定植树苗，而促进通才性食草动物的觅食。然而，需要长期的研究来检验遗传多样性对草食的影响是否随着树木的个体发生和特殊草食动物的局部适应而变化。
A growing body of evidence from community genetics studies suggests that ecosystem functions supported by plant species richness can also be provided by genetic diversity within plant species. This is not yet true for the diversity-resistance relationship as it is still unclear whether damage by insect herbivores responds to genetic diversity in host plant populations. We developed a manipulative field experiment based on a synthetic community approach, with 15 mixtures of one to four oak (Quercus robur) half-sib families. We quantified genetic diversity at the plot level by genotyping all oak saplings and assessed overall damage caused by ectophagous and endophagous herbivores along a gradient of increasing genetic diversity. Damage due to ectophagous herbivores increased with the genetic diversity in oak sapling populations as a result of higher levels of damage in mixtures than in monocultures for all families (complementarity effect) rather than because of the presence of more susceptible oak genotypes in mixtures (selection effect). Assemblages of different oak genotypes would benefit polyphagous herbivores via improved host patch location, spill over among neighbouring saplings and diet mixing. By contrast, genetic diversity was a poor predictor of the abundance of endophagous herbivores, which increased with individual sapling apparency. Plant genetic diversity may not provide sufficient functional contrast to prevent tree sapling colonization by specialist herbivores while enhancing the foraging of generalist herbivores. Long term studies are nevertheless required to test whether the effect of genetic diversity on herbivory change with the ontogeny of trees and local adaptation of specialist herbivores.
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