Fishing for biodiversity by balanced harvesting

Fishing for biodiversity by balanced harvesting
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通过平衡捕捞促进生物多样性的捕捞

DOI:
10.1111/faf.12705
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Law R
Law R
中科院分区:
农林科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Law R

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渔业具有破坏性,似乎与海洋生态系统的养护不相容。然而,鱼类是一种重要的食物来源,支持着沿海社区许多人的生活。本文认为,适度的捕捞强度,适当的比例跨越物种,可以帮助维持生物多样性,而不是减少它。缩放来自一种直觉,即物种的捕捞死亡率应保持与该物种的生产率,一个概念被称为平衡收获。这使物种的养护和开发在一个等式中处于同等地位,从数量上显示不同丰度的物种所能承受的捕捞死亡率的相对水平。使用海洋生态系统的动态模型,我们首次给出了数字证据,表明如果以这种方式扩大捕捞规模,可以保护更稀有的物种,同时允许对产量更高的物种进行一些开发。这是可行的,因为捕捞死亡率,当按产量缩放时,是依赖密度的。这种捕捞活动随着时间的推移而适应性地跟随物种的生产率,包含一种反馈,有助于在海洋生态系统如何运作的不确定性存在的情况下保护物种免受过度捕捞。
Fisheries are damaging and seemingly incompatible with the conservation of marine ecosystems. Yet fish are an important source of food and support the lives of many people in coastal communities. This paper considers an idea that a moderate intensity of fishing, appropriately scaled across species, could help in maintaining biodiversity, rather than reducing it. The scaling comes from an intuition that rates of fishing mortality of species should be kept in line with production rates of the species, a notion known as balanced harvesting. This places species conservation and exploitation on an equal footing in a single equation, showing quantitatively the relative levels of fishing mortality that species of different abundance can support. Using a dynamic model of a marine ecosystem, we give numerical evidence showing for the first time that fishing, if scaled in this way, can protect rarer species, while allowing some exploitation of species with greater production. This works because fishing mortality rates, when scaled by production, are density‐dependent. Such fishing, operating adaptively to follow species' production rates over time, contains a feedback that would help to protect species from overfishing in the presence of uncertainty about how marine ecosystems work.
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