Confounding and exposure measurement error in air pollution epidemiology.

Confounding and exposure measurement error in air pollution epidemiology.
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空气污染流行病学中的混淆和暴露测量误差。

DOI:
10.1007/s11869-011-0140-9
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发表时间:
2012-06
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Brunekreef, Bert
Brunekreef, Bert
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sheppard, Lianne;Burnett, Richard T.;Szpiro, Adam A.;Kim, Sun-Young;Jerrett, Michael;Pope, C. Arden, III;Brunekreef, Bert

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空气污染流行病学研究可能会受到一些特定形式的混杂和暴露测量误差的影响。这篇文章主要在队列研究的框架内讨论了这些问题。在空气污染对健康影响的研究中,评估潜在的混杂是至关重要的。长期暴露在环境空气污染中与死亡率之间的关系已经通过队列研究进行了调查,在队列研究中,受试者的生命状态随着时间的推移而被跟踪。在这类研究中,控制吸烟等个人层面的混杂因素很重要,控制邻里社会经济地位等地区层面的混杂因素也很重要。此外,生存数据中可能存在需要解决的空间相关性。这些问题是使用美国癌症协会癌症预防II队列进行说明的。暴露测量误差在流行病学中是一个挑战,因为当分析中使用的测量或预测暴露与潜在的真实暴露不同时,对健康影响的推断可能是不正确的。出于成本和可行性的原因,空气污染流行病学很少(如果有的话)使用个人对暴露的测量。空气污染流行病学中的暴露测量误差有多种主要形式,在时间序列和队列研究中是不同的。回顾了这两个研究领域面临的挑战,并讨论了一些建议的解决方案。
Studies in air pollution epidemiology may suffer from some specific forms of confounding and exposure measurement error. This contribution discusses these, mostly in the framework of cohort studies. Evaluation of potential confounding is critical in studies of the health effects of air pollution. The association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality has been investigated using cohort studies in which subjects are followed over time with respect to their vital status. In such studies, control for individual-level confounders such as smoking is important, as is control for area-level confounders such as neighborhood socio-economic status. In addition, there may be spatial dependencies in the survival data that need to be addressed. These issues are illustrated using the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II cohort. Exposure measurement error is a challenge in epidemiology because inference about health effects can be incorrect when the measured or predicted exposure used in the analysis is different from the underlying true exposure. Air pollution epidemiology rarely if ever uses personal measurements of exposure for reasons of cost and feasibility. Exposure measurement error in air pollution epidemiology comes in various dominant forms, which are different for time-series and cohort studies. The challenges are reviewed and a number of suggested solutions are discussed for both study domains.
DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200303000-00019
发表时间: 2003-03-01
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