The dynamics of natural pipe hydrological behaviour in blanket peat
The dynamics of natural pipe hydrological behaviour in blanket peat
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覆盖层泥炭中天然管道水文行为的动态
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.9242
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Smart R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smart R
在泥炭地中发现了天然土壤管道，但对其水文作用知之甚少。本文介绍了最完整的一套管道排放数据，从一个深毯泥炭地在北方英格兰。在一个17.4公顷的集水区，我们确定了24个常年流动和60个短暂流动的管道出口。在18个月的时间内，对8个管道出口沿着与集水出口进行了连续测量。据估计，集水区的管道产生的年径流量约为13.7%，个别管道经常产生较大的峰值流量（最大峰值为3.8 l s−1）。几乎所有的管道，无论是短暂的或常年流动，浅或深（出口低于泥炭表面1米），降雨开始后3小时内的平均流量增加，并占主导地位的风暴流，表明泥炭地表面和管道之间的良好连接。然而，几乎所有的管道有一个较长的时间之间的过程线峰值和返回到基流相比，流（平均23.9小时的管道，19.7小时的流）。因此，在任何给定时间，管道产生的流量比例在低流量时增加，并形成了最低10%流量的最重要的流量组成部分。因此，在低流量条件下，少数常年流动的管道对河流系统变得更加重要，并且可能在风暴之间的时期通过基质流接收水。考虑到管道的重要性，径流毯泥炭地，需要进一步研究其更广泛的作用，影响流水化学，水温和河流碳通量，以及它们的作用，改变当地的水化学循环内的泥炭质量本身。增强管道内的泥炭地环境变化所造成的可能会导致更大的低流量和更长时间的泥炭排水的径流制度的变化。版权所有© 2012约翰威利父子有限公司.
Natural soil pipes are found in peatlands, but little is known about their hydrological role. This paper presents the most complete set of pipe discharge data to date from a deep blanket peatland in Northern England. In a 17.4‐ha catchment, we identified 24 perennially flowing and 60 ephemerally flowing pipe outlets. Eight pipe outlets along with the catchment outlet were continuously gauged over an 18‐month period. The pipes in the catchment were estimated to produce around 13.7% of annual streamflow, with individual pipes often producing large peak flows (maximum peak of 3.8 l s−1). Almost all pipes, whether ephemerally or perennially flowing, shallow or deep (outlets > 1 m below the peat surface), showed increased discharge within a mean of 3 h after rainfall commencement and were dominated by stormflow, indicating good connectivity between the peatland surface and the pipes. However, almost all pipes had a longer period between the hydrograph peak and the return to base flow compared with the stream (mean of 23.9 h for pipes, 19.7 h for stream). As a result, the proportion of streamflow produced by the pipes at any given time increased at low flows and formed the most important component of stream discharge for the lowest 10% of flows. Thus, a small number of perennially flowing pipes became more important to the stream system under low‐flow conditions and probably received water via matrix flow during periods between storms. Given the importance of pipes to streamflow in blanket peatlands, further research is required into their wider role in influencing stream water chemistry, water temperature and fluvial carbon fluxes, as well as their role in altering local hydrochemical cycling within the peat mass itself. Enhanced piping within peatlands caused by environmental change may lead to changes in the streamflow regime with larger low flows and more prolonged drainage of the peat. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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