The molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of oxidative stress: lessons from a model bacterium.

The molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of oxidative stress: lessons from a model bacterium.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrmicro3032
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发表时间:
2013-07
期刊:
Nature reviews. Microbiology
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其他
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氧化环境是危险的。分子氧偶然地从许多氧化还原酶中夺取电子,连续地形成细胞内的超氧化物和过氧化氢。这些物种可以破坏金属酶的活性和DNA的完整性,迫使生物体用清除酶和修复系统来保护自己。尽管如此,氧化剂水平的升高很快就会使细菌中毒,微生物竞争者和敌对的真核宿主都利用这种脆弱性,用过氧化物或形成超氧化物的抗生素攻击它们。作为回应,细菌激活了优雅的适应策略。在这篇综述中,我总结了我们目前对大肠杆菌中氧化应激的认识,大肠杆菌是我们对损伤和防御的理解最发达的模式生物。
Oxic environments are hazardous. Molecular oxygen adventitiously abstracts electrons from many redox enzymes, continuously forming intracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These species can destroy the activities of metalloenzymes and the integrity of DNA, which forces organisms to protect themselves with scavenging enzymes and repair systems. Nevertheless, elevated levels of oxidants quickly poison bacteria, and both microbial competitors and hostile eukaryotic hosts exploit this vulnerability by assaulting them with peroxides or superoxide-forming antibiotics. In response, bacteria activate elegant adaptive strategies. In this Review, I summarize our current knowledge of oxidative stress in Escherichia coli, the model organism for which our understanding of damage and defence is most well-developed.
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