Environmental damage associated with severe hydrologic events: a LiDAR-based geospatial modeling approach
Environmental damage associated with severe hydrologic events: a LiDAR-based geospatial modeling approach
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与严重水文事件相关的环境损害：基于激光雷达的地理空间建模方法
DOI：
10.1007/s11069-020-04099-1
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rifai, Hanadi S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiaghadi, Amin;Govindarajan, Adithya;Sobel, Rose S.;Rifai, Hanadi S.
极端水文事件造成的洪水和基础设施损失越来越多，每次事件超过10亿美元。飓风风暴潮是最常见的牵连;然而，降雨为主的事件可能有更大的破坏性和代价高昂的影响。此外，在估计水灾损失或减灾工作中往往不考虑这类事件的环境影响和后果。本文综合了地理信息系统、洪泛区分析、实测洪水位数据和污染物排放的公共来源，描述了严重水文事件的环境影响，并确定了基础设施的脆弱性，重点是环境设施。从最近的重大洪水事件中观察到的高水位线，加上激光雷达数据，被用来创建高分辨率的洪水地图。模拟了可能造成环境影响的设施（如废水处理设施、垃圾填埋场和超级基金场地）的淹没程度。研究结果表明，与基于浪涌的洪水相比，基于浪涌的洪水事件可能会导致更多的环境设施被淹没。此外，100年和500年的洪泛区测绘不足以确定有被淹没或溢出风险的设施。该研究的结果使得能够确定极易受到洪水造成的环境污染的地点和设施，这些地点和设施将成为增强复原力规划的候选对象。
Increasingly, extreme hydrologic events are causing flooding and infrastructure damages in excess of one billion dollars per event. Hurricane storm surge is most frequently implicated; however, rainfall dominated events may have more damaging and costly impacts. Additionally, the environmental impacts and consequences of such events are not often considered in estimates of flood damage or in mitigation efforts. This paper integrates geographic information systems, floodplain analysis, observed flood level data, and public sources of pollutant releases to describe the environmental impacts of severe hydrologic events and identify infrastructure vulnerabilities with an emphasis on environmental facilities. Observed high water marks from recent significant flooding events, coupled with LiDAR data, were used to create high-resolution inundation maps. The degree of inundation of facilities with the potential to cause environmental impacts, such as wastewater treatment facilities, landfills, and Superfund sites, was modeled. The results indicated that rainfall-based flooding events could cause substantially more inundation of environmental facilities compared to surge-based flooding. Additionally, 100 and 500-year floodplain mapping was not sufficient to identify facilities at risk of inundation or spillage. The results from the study enable the determination of locations and facilities that are highly susceptible to environmental pollution due to flooding that would be candidates for increased resilience planning.
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