The immunosuppressive role of IL-32 in lymphatic tissue during HIV-1 infection.
The immunosuppressive role of IL-32 in lymphatic tissue during HIV-1 infection.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1100277
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发表时间:
2011-06-01
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Haase AT
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith AJ;Toledo CM;Wietgrefe SW;Duan L;Schacker TW;Reilly CS;Haase AT
One pathological hallmark of HIV-1 infection is chronic activation of the immune system, driven, in part, by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The host attempts to counterbalance this prolonged immune activation through compensatory mediators of immune suppression. We recently identified a gene encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-32 in microarray studies of HIV-1 infection in lymphatic tissue (LT) and show here that increased expression of IL-32 in both gut and LT of HIV-1-infected individuals may have a heretofore unappreciated role as a mediator of immune suppression. We show that: (i) IL-32 expression is increased in T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in vivo; (ii) IL-32 induces the expression of immunosuppressive molecules indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4) in immune cells in vitro; (iii) in vivo, IL-32-associated IDO/ILT4 expression in LT macrophages and gut epithelial cells decreases immune activation but also may impair host defenses, supporting productive viral replication, thereby accounting for the correlation between IL-32 levels and HIV-1 replication in LT. Thus, during HIV-1 infection, we propose that IL-32 moderates chronic immune activation to avert associated immunopathology but at the same time dampens the antiviral immune response and thus paradoxically supports HIV-1 replication and viral persistence.
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