Stop tracking me Bro! Differential Tracking of User Demographics on Hyper-Partisan Websites

Stop tracking me Bro! Differential Tracking of User Demographics on Hyper-Partisan Websites
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别再跟踪我了兄弟!

DOI:
10.1145/3366423.3380221
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Agarwal P
Agarwal P
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Agarwal P

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具有超级党派倾向、左倾或右倾焦点的网站提供的内容通常偏向于目标受众的预期。这样的内容往往会让用户两极分化,他们反复接受特定的(极端)内容,通常反映出政党在政治和社会经济话题上的强硬路线。虽然这种两极分化已经在内容方面进行了广泛的研究,但它如何与浏览用户经历的在线跟踪联系在一起仍然是未知的,特别是当他们表现出特定的人口统计特征时。例如,尚不清楚此类网站如何使广告生态系统能够根据用户的性别或年龄来跟踪用户。在本文中,我们首先揭示并衡量当访问特定政党的网站时对用户进行跟踪的潜在差异。为此,我们设计和部署了一种方法来系统地探测这类网站,并衡量用户跟踪方面的差异。这种方法允许我们创建具有特定属性的用户角色,如性别和年龄,并以一致和可重复的方式自动执行他们的浏览行为。因此,我们系统地研究了这些网站及其第三方是如何跟踪人物角色的,特别是当他们表现出特定的人口统计属性时。总体而言,我们在556个超级党派网站上测试了9个人物角色,发现右倾网站倾向于比左倾网站更强烈地跟踪用户,这取决于用户人口统计,使用Cookie和Cookie同步方法,并导致更昂贵的投放广告。
Websites with hyper-partisan, left or right-leaning focus offer content that is typically biased towards the expectations of their target audience. Such content often polarizes users, who are repeatedly primed to specific (extreme) content, usually reflecting hard party lines on political and socio-economic topics. Though this polarization has been extensively studied with respect to content, it is still unknown how it associates with the online tracking experienced by browsing users, especially when they exhibit certain demographic characteristics. For example, it is unclear how such websites enable the ad-ecosystem to track users based on their gender or age.In this paper, we take a first step to shed light and measure such potential differences in tracking imposed on users when visiting specific party-line’s websites. For this, we design and deploy a methodology to systematically probe such websites and measure differences in user tracking. This methodology allows us to create user personas with specific attributes like gender and age and automate their browsing behavior in a consistent and repeatable manner. Thus, we systematically study how personas are being tracked by these websites and their third parties, especially if they exhibit particular demographic properties. Overall, we test 9 personas on 556 hyper-partisan websites and find that right-leaning websites tend to track users more intensely than left-leaning, depending on user demographics, using both cookies and cookie synchronization methods and leading to more costly delivered ads.
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