The Sensitivity and Specificity of Neuropsychological Tests in the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Neuropsychological Tests in the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
复制标题
神经心理学测试在注意力缺陷多动障碍诊断中的敏感性和特异性
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Wasserman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Wasserman;L. Wasserman
神经心理学评估在评估注意力障碍中的价值基于以下假设：神经心理学测试具有足够的敏感性和特异性，可以识别与行为定义的精神障碍诊断和统计手册标准相关的神经心理学表现的特定和离散模式。评估注意力障碍的神经心理学仪器旨在测量离散的执行管理技能，尽管有大量关于特定神经心理学测试对某些大脑区域损伤的敏感性的研究，但对该文献的回顾表明，这些仪器在识别特定区域和阐明与这些区域损伤相关的功能缺陷方面都不一致。我们回顾了许多荟萃分析，得出的结论是，通过神经心理学测试对执行功能的评估不可避免地会导致对多种形式的执行功能所共有的皮质-皮质下回路的评估，并暗示行为功能。我们认为，神经心理学的功效受到其对当前行为构建的诊断系统的临床和研究参与的限制，该系统不能充分或准确地反映潜在的神经生理学或神经心理学过程。提出了建议，包括开发反映潜在神经心理学过程的诊断疾病学。
The value of neuropsychological assessment in the evaluation of attention disorders is based on assumptions that neuropsychological tests have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify specific and discrete patterns of neuropsychological performance associated with the behaviorally defined Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Neuropsychological instruments assessing attentional disorders purport to measure discrete executive management skills, and although there is ample research on the sensitivity of specific neuropsychological tests to damage to certain brain regions, a review of this literature indicates that these instruments are consistent neither in identifying specific regions nor in articulating functional deficits associated with lesions to these areas. We review a number of meta-analyses, which conclude that the assessment of executive functioning by neuropsychological tests inevitably leads to assessment of cortical–subcortical circuitry common to many forms of executive function and by implication, behavioral functioning. We argue that efficacy of neuropsychology is limited by its clinical and research participation in the current behaviorally constructed diagnostic system, which does not adequately or accurately reflect underlying neurophysiological or neuropsychological processes. Recommendations, including the development of a diagnostic nosology reflective of underlying neuropsychological processes, are made.
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.2007.164.4.647
发表时间：
2007-04
期刊：
The American journal of psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Mackie;P. Shaw;R. Lenroot;Ron Pierson;D. Greenstein;Thomas F. Nugent;W. Sharp;J. Giedd;J. Rapoport
通讯作者：
S. Mackie;P. Shaw;R. Lenroot;Ron Pierson;D. Greenstein;Thomas F. Nugent;W. Sharp;J. Giedd;J. Rapoport
DOI：
10.1080/01688639108405107
发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
ANDERSON, SW;DAMASIO, H;TRANEL, D
通讯作者：
TRANEL, D
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
MIDDLETON, FA;STRICK, PL
通讯作者：
STRICK, PL