Prey adaptation along a competition-defense tradeoff cryptically shifts trophic cascades from density- to trait-mediated

Prey adaptation along a competition-defense tradeoff cryptically shifts trophic cascades from density- to trait-mediated
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沿着竞争-防御权衡的猎物适应神秘地将营养级联从密度介导转变为性状介导

DOI:
10.1007/s00442-020-04610-2
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Palkovacs, Eric P.
Palkovacs, Eric P.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wood, Zachary T.;Fryxell, David C.;Moffett, Emma R.;Kinnison, Michael T.;Simon, Kevin S.;Palkovacs, Eric P.

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营养级联已成为生态学中的主导范式,但仍有相当大的争论的相对强度的密度(消耗)和性状介导的(非消耗)的营养级联的影响。这场争论可以部分地通过考虑猎物的经验来解决,这种经验塑造了猎物的特征(通过遗传和塑料变化)并影响了猎物的生存(因此也影响了密度)。在这里,我们调查的级联作用的猎物的经验,通过添加食蚊鱼(食蚊鱼affinis)从捕食者经验丰富的或捕食者天真的来源,以围隔生态系统包含食鱼大口鲈鱼(Micropterus salmoides),浮游动物和浮游植物。这两个来源被定位沿着竞争防御权衡。结果表明,捕食者天真的食蚊鱼遭受更高的掠夺率,这驱动了密度介导的级联,而捕食者经验丰富的食蚊鱼表现出更高的生存率,但进食较少,这驱动了性状介导的级联。这两个级联的强度相似,导致难以区分的自上而下的影响较低的营养水平。因此,猎物经验的积累与捕食者可以神秘地转移级联机制从密度介导的性状。
Trophic cascades have become a dominant paradigm in ecology, yet considerable debate remains about the relative strength of density- (consumptive) and trait-mediated (non-consumptive) effects in trophic cascades. This debate may, in part, be resolved by considering prey experience, which shapes prey traits (through genetic and plastic change) and influences prey survival (and therefore density). Here, we investigate the cascading role of prey experience through the addition of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from predator-experienced or predator-naïve sources to mesocosms containing piscivorous largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), zooplankton, and phytoplankton. These two sources were positioned along a competition-defense tradeoff. Results show that predator-naïve mosquitofish suffered higher depredation rates, which drove a density-mediated cascade, whereas predator-experienced mosquitofish exhibited higher survival but fed less, which drove a trait-mediated cascade. Both cascades were similar in strength, leading to indistinguishable top-down effects on lower trophic levels. Therefore, the accumulation of prey experience with predators can cryptically shift cascade mechanisms from density- to trait-mediated.
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DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13102
发表时间: 2018
期刊: Functional Ecology
影响因子: 5.2
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影响因子: --
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