Models of Osteoarthritis: Relevance and New Insights.
Models of Osteoarthritis: Relevance and New Insights.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00223-020-00670-x
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Staines KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samvelyan HJ;Hughes D;Stevens C;Staines KA
骨关节炎（OA）是一种进行性和致残性肌肉骨骼疾病，影响数百万人，并导致全球范围内的主要医疗费用。它是最常见的关节炎形式，其特征在于关节软骨的降解、骨赘的形成、软骨下硬化、滑膜炎症和关节功能的最终丧失。了解OA的发病机制及其多因素病因学将导致目前缺乏的有效治疗方法的发展。OA的二维（2D）体外组织模型允许对特定变量进行负担得起的高通量分析和严格控制。然而，它们是线性的，并不代表生理条件。最近的体外研究采用了OA的三维（3D）组织模型，该模型保留了2D模型的优点，并且能够模拟生理条件，从而允许研究其他变量，包括细胞与其周围细胞外基质之间的相互作用。许多自发和诱导的动物模型被用于重现发病和监测基于研究的病因学的OA的进展。因此，这允许阐明OA的发病机制，并最终能够开发新的和特定的治疗干预措施。本文综述了当前在疾病病理生理学、分类和相关性背景下对体外和体内OA模型的理解，从而为OA研究提供了新的见解和方向。
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and disabling musculoskeletal disease affecting millions of people and resulting in major healthcare costs worldwide. It is the most common form of arthritis, characterised by degradation of the articular cartilage, formation of osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, synovial inflammation and ultimate loss of joint function. Understanding the pathogenesis of OA and its multifactorial aetiology will lead to the development of effective treatments, which are currently lacking. Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro tissue models of OA allow affordable, high-throughput analysis and stringent control over specific variables. However, they are linear in fashion and are not representative of physiological conditions. Recent in vitro studies have adopted three-dimensional (3D) tissue models of OA, which retain the advantages of 2D models and are able to mimic physiological conditions, thereby allowing investigation of additional variables including interactions between the cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Numerous spontaneous and induced animal models are used to reproduce the onset and monitor the progression of OA based on the aetiology under investigation. This therefore allows elucidation of the pathogenesis of OA and will ultimately enable the development of novel and specific therapeutic interventions. This review summarises the current understanding of in vitro and in vivo OA models in the context of disease pathophysiology, classification and relevance, thus providing new insights and directions for OA research.
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