Application of PALM Superresolution Microscopy to the Analysis of Microtubule-Organizing Centers (MTOCs) in Aspergillus nidulans.

Application of PALM Superresolution Microscopy to the Analysis of Microtubule-Organizing Centers (MTOCs) in Aspergillus nidulans.
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PALM 超分辨显微镜在构巢曲霉微管组织中心 (MTOC) 分析中的应用

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-0716-1538-6_20
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Takeshita N
Takeshita N
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fischer R;Takeshita N

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光活化定位显微镜(Palm)是将分辨极限提高到20 nm的超分辨显微镜方法之一,它可以检测活细胞中复杂蛋白质结构中的单分子。微管组织中心(MTOCs)是微管聚合所必需的大型多亚单位蛋白质复合体。高等真核生物中最重要的MTOC是中心体,真菌中MTOC的功能同源是纺锤体-极体(SPB)。有充分的证据表明,除了中心体,其他MTOC在真核细胞中也很重要。丝状子囊菌是一种模式生物,菌丝由隔膜隔开的多核隔室组成。在网纹夜蛾中,除了SPBS外,在隔膜中还发现了第二种类型的MTOCs(称为隔膜MTOCs,sMTOC)。当用荧光蛋白标记时,所有MTOC组分在SPBS和sMTOCs上都显示为大点,由于衍射屏障的作用,在常规荧光显微镜下可以观察到这些大点。在这一章中,我们描述了Palm的应用,以定量在两个MTOC位点处的单个蛋白质的数量,并提供证据,证明MTOCs的组成是高度动态的,并在细胞周期中发生显著变化。
Photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), one of the super resolution microscopy methods improving the resolution limit to 20 nm, allows the detection of single molecules in complex protein structures in living cells. Microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs) are large, multisubunit protein complexes, required for microtubule polymerization. The prominent MTOC in higher eukaryotes is the centrosome, and its functional ortholog in fungi is the spindle-pole body (SPB). There is ample evidence that besides centrosomes other MTOCs are important in eukaryotic cells. The filamentous ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus nidulans is a model organism, with hyphae consisting of multinucleate compartments separated by septa. In A. nidulans, besides the SPBs, a second type of MTOCs was discovered at septa (called septal MTOCs, sMTOC). All the MTOC components appear as big dots at SPBs and sMTOCs when tagged with a fluorescent protein and observed with conventional fluorescence microscopy due to the diffraction barrier. In this chapter, we describe the application of PALM in quantifying the numbers of individual proteins at both MTOC sites in A. nidulans and provide evidence that the composition of MTOCs is highly dynamic and dramatically changes during the cell cycle.
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