Isocyanides: Promising Functionalities in Bioorthogonal Labeling of Biomolecules.

Isocyanides: Promising Functionalities in Bioorthogonal Labeling of Biomolecules.
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异氰化物:生物分子生物正交标记的有前景的功能

DOI:
10.3389/fchem.2021.670751
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Qian L
Qian L
中科院分区:
化学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhu Y;Liao JY;Qian L

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异氰化物因其吸引人的性质和独特的反应活性而在生物应用中受到越来越多的关注,它可以进行多种反应,如多组分反应、α加成反应、[4+1]环加成反应等,而且反应范围不断扩大。除了作为反应物来制备结构有趣和多样的N-杂环或多肽模拟物外,这种类型的官能团可能是标记和调节生物分子的一种很好的选择,因为它具有高的生物相容性和较小的尺寸,可以最大限度地减少对母体分子的修饰。异氰酸酯通过三种策略参与生物分子的标记,包括双组分生物正交反应、多组分反应和金属络合反应。其中,异氰化物-四嗪反应最近得到了较好的研究,增强了异氰化物作为生物正交手柄的效力。本文综述了异氰化物化学在生物分子标记方面的最新进展。同时,还描述了在生物大分子中引入异氰基的方法,以促进这一独特功能的更广泛应用。
Isocyanides have drawn increasing attention in biological applications due to their attractive properties and unique reactivities, which can undergo various reactions, such as multicomponent reactions, α-addition reactions, [4 + 1] cycloaddition reactions, and the reaction scope keeps expanding. In addition to acting as reactants for the preparation of structurally interesting and diverse N-heterocycles or peptidomimetics, this type of functionality may be a good choice in the labeling and modulation of biomolecules due to the high biocompatibility and small size to minimize modifications on the parent molecule. It has been demonstrated that isocyanides can participate in biomolecule labeling through three strategies, including the two-component bioorthogonal reaction, multicomponent reaction, and metal chelation. Among them, the isocyanide-tetrazine reaction has been better studied recently, augmenting the potency of isocyanide as a bioorthogonal handle. This review will focus on the recent progress in isocyanide chemistry for labeling of biomolecules. Meanwhile, methods to introduce isocyano groups into biomacromolecules are also described to facilitate wider applications of this unique functionality.
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