The Response of the Nordic Seas to Wintertime Sea-ice Retreat
The Response of the Nordic Seas to Wintertime Sea-ice Retreat
复制标题
北欧海洋对冬季海冰消退的反应
作者：
Yue Wu;D. Stevens;I. Renfrew;Xiaoming Zhai
在耦合气候模型 HiGEM 中研究了海洋对冬季海冰消退的响应。我们重点关注北欧海域的边缘冰区和邻近水域，在冰外风促进高热通量事件期间，这些区域的海气温差可能很大。对控制和瞬态气候模型集合进行了检查，这使我们能够将海冰退缩引起的海洋响应与气候变化引起的响应隔离开来。随着冬季海冰边缘向格陵兰岛海岸线退缩，它暴露了以前被冰覆盖的水域，这增强了湍流热损失和机械混合，导致该位置浮力损失更大，垂直混合更深。然而，在全球变暖的情况下，由于大气比海洋变暖更快，浮力损失受到抑制，从而减少了海气温差。这种情况最明显地发生在格陵兰海环流上方远离后退冰缘的地方。在环流上方，上层海洋也显着变暖，导致水柱更加分层，从而减少对流混合的深度。相比之下，在靠近海岸的地方，全球变暖的影响被海冰退缩的影响所掩盖，导致边缘冰区附近的海洋温度和盐度发生显着变化。
The ocean response to wintertime sea-ice retreat is investigated in the coupled climate model HiGEM. We focus on the marginal ice zone and adjacent waters of the Nordic Seas, where the air-sea temperature difference can be large during periods of off-ice winds promoting high heat flux events. Both control and transient climate model ensembles are examined, which allows us to isolate the ocean response due to sea-ice retreat from the response due to climate change. As the wintertime sea-ice edge retreats towards the Greenland coastline, it exposes waters that were previously covered by ice which enhances turbulent heat loss and mechanical mixing, leading to a greater loss of buoyancy and deeper vertical mixing in this location. However, under global warming, the buoyancy loss is inhibited as the atmosphere warms more rapidly than the ocean which reduces the air-sea temperature difference. This occurs most prominently further away from the retreating ice edge, over the Greenland Sea gyre. Over the gyre the upper ocean also warms significantly, resulting in a more stratified water column and, as a consequence, a reduction in the depth of convective mixing. In contrast, closer to the coast the effect of global warming is overshadowed by the effect of the sea-ice retreat, leading to significant changes in ocean temperature and salinity in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone.
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