Experiential reward learning outweighs instruction prior to adulthood.
Experiential reward learning outweighs instruction prior to adulthood.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13415-014-0332-5
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hartley CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Decker JH;Lourenco FS;Doll BB;Hartley CA
在我们的一生中，我们都面临着一项重要的任务，即区分有益的行为和最好避免的行为。重要的是，我们可以通过多种方式获取这些信息。通过尝试和错误，我们使用经验反馈来评估我们的行为。我们还通过他人的明确指示了解哪些行为是有利的。在这里，我们通过在概率学习任务中放置指导和竞争经验来研究这两种形式的学习对选择在发展过程中的影响。然而，不准确的指导会显著影响成人对刺激值的估计，而儿童和青少年能够更好地通过经验客观地估计刺激值。学习的指导性控制被认为与前额叶-纹状体脑回路有关，该回路在成年后继续成熟。我们的行为数据表明，这种长期的神经认知成熟可能导致儿童和青少年的动机行为受到明确指示的影响比成年人要小。在儿童和青少年中没有确认偏误，这代表了青少年在通过积极和消极经验对行为进行公正评价方面比成年人具有矛盾的发展优势。
Throughout our lives, we face the important task of distinguishing rewarding actions from those that are best avoided. Importantly, there are multiple means by which we acquire this information. Through trial and error, we use experiential feedback to evaluate our actions. We also learn which actions are advantageous through explicit instruction from others. Here, we examined whether the influence of these two forms of learning on choice changes across development by placing instruction and experience in competition in a probabilistic-learning task. Whereas inaccurate instruction markedly biased adults’ estimations of a stimulus’s value, children and adolescents were better able to objectively estimate stimulus values through experience. Instructional control of learning is thought to recruit prefrontal–striatal brain circuitry, which continues to mature into adulthood. Our behavioral data suggest that this protracted neurocognitive maturation may cause the motivated actions of children and adolescents to be less influenced by explicit instruction than are those of adults. This absence of a confirmation bias in children and adolescents represents a paradoxical developmental advantage of youth over adults in the unbiased evaluation of actions through positive and negative experience.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Daw ND;Gershman SJ;Seymour B;Dayan P;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
影响因子：
4
作者：
Gardner, M;Steinberg, L
通讯作者：
Steinberg, L
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Biele G;Rieskamp J;Krugel LK;Heekeren HR
通讯作者：
Heekeren HR
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者：
AKAIKE, H
DOI：
10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00419.x
发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Bunge, Silvia A.;Zelazo, Philip David
通讯作者：
Zelazo, Philip David