Inhibiting mevalonate pathway enzymes increases stromal cell resilience to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin.

Inhibiting mevalonate pathway enzymes increases stromal cell resilience to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-017-17138-y
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发表时间:
2017-12-06
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Sheldon IM
Sheldon IM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Griffin S;Preta G;Sheldon IM

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动物健康取决于免疫细胞杀死入侵病原体的能力,以及组织耐受病原体存在的能力。化脓性真白球菌通过分泌一种针对基质细胞的胆固醇依赖性溶细胞素、化脓性溶血素 (PLO),引起许多哺乳动物的组织病理学。细胞胆固醇源自角鲨烯,角鲨烯是通过甲羟戊酸途径酶(包括 HMGCR、FDPS 和 FDFT1)合成的。本研究测试了这样的假设:抑制甲羟戊酸途径中的酶以降低细胞胆固醇会增加基质细胞对 PLO 的抵抗力。我们首先验证了用甲基-β-环糊精消耗细胞胆固醇可以增加基质细胞对 PLO 的抵抗力。然后,我们使用 siRNA 来消除甲羟戊酸途径酶基因表达,并使用药物抑制剂阿托伐他汀、阿仑膦酸钠或扎哥酸分别抑制 HMGCR、FDPS 和 FDFT1 的活性。这些方法成功地降低了细胞胆固醇丰度,但甲羟戊酸途径酶并没有同等地影响细胞弹性。抑制 FDFT1 最为有效,萨拉哥酸可降低 PLO 对细胞活力的影响。本研究提供的证据表明,抑制 FDFT1 可以增加基质细胞对胆固醇依赖性溶细胞素的抵抗力。
Animal health depends on the ability of immune cells to kill invading pathogens, and on the resilience of tissues to tolerate the presence of pathogens. Trueperella pyogenes causes tissue pathology in many mammals by secreting a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin (PLO), which targets stromal cells. Cellular cholesterol is derived from squalene, which is synthesized via the mevalonate pathway enzymes, including HMGCR, FDPS and FDFT1. The present study tested the hypothesis that inhibiting enzymes in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cellular cholesterol increases the resilience of stromal cells to PLO. We first verified that depleting cellular cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin increased the resilience of stromal cells to PLO. We then used siRNA to deplete mevalonate pathway enzyme gene expression, and used pharmaceutical inhibitors, atorvastatin, alendronate or zaragozic acid to inhibit the activity of HMGCR, FDPS and FDFT1, respectively. These approaches successfully reduced cellular cholesterol abundance, but mevalonate pathway enzymes did not affect cellular resilience equally. Inhibiting FDFT1 was most effective, with zaragozic acid reducing the impact of PLO on cell viability. The present study provides evidence that inhibiting FDFT1 increases stromal cell resilience to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin.
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