Electronic nicotine delivery systems in the hands of Hollywood.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems in the hands of Hollywood.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2011.043778
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发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ling PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grana RA;Glantz SA;Ling PM
电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）（俗称电子香烟或电子香烟）在过去的4e5年中在美国和其他国家越来越积极地进行广告宣传。1这些电池供电的装置加热含有不同浓度尼古丁的液体溶液，产生可供吸入的蒸汽。近几个月来，ENDS开始通过电影、电视节目和好莱坞名人的广播宣传出现在大众娱乐中。2011年1月7日，《洛杉矶时报》指出，电影明星星星约翰尼·德普在最近上映的电影《游客》中使用了ENDS。2010年9月27日，星星凯瑟琳·海格尔出现在“大卫·莱特曼深夜秀”中，她和莱特曼先生都使用了ENDS。2海格尔女士表示，她正在使用该设备戒烟。当莱特曼先生问海格尔女士她是否会对这个设备上瘾时，她回答说她对这个设备上瘾了，但那是“。这对你来说并不坏，所以它是一种有趣的上瘾。3除了这次电视活动外，这一外观还在娱乐博客上重复出现，并在该设备的商业网站上进行了展示。美国电视访谈节目《医生》将ENDS列为2009年十大健康创新之一。4在节目中，主持人，谁是不吸烟的实际医生，“吸烟”结束。有报道称，ENDS被纳入2010年格莱美奖5出席者的礼品袋中，最近，在2011年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，ENDS被分发给提名者，礼品袋中镶有施华洛世奇水晶。ENDS正在推广，但没有足够的独立研究证明其戒烟的安全性或有效性。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）进行的一项研究评估了ENDS尼古丁溶液的成分，发现未列出的有毒物质和尼古丁浓度与产品上宣传的水平不一致。8 FDA向五家ENDS经销商发出了警告信，原因是他们违反了各种监管规定，包括未经证实的索赔和不良的生产实践。9制造商和销售商的营销宣传各不相同，但这些产品经常被宣传为香烟的安全替代品，在某些情况下，作为戒烟辅助剂。无论是设备的安全性，还是戒烟的有效性，都没有经过彻底的科学评估。美国三个州（加州、犹他州和新泽西）禁止向未成年人销售ENDS，俄勒冈州已与两大ENDS制造商达成和解，禁止销售该设备。此外，美国空军已将ENDS纳入其管理烟草使用的法规中，禁止在工作场所使用。10.过去，烟草业与娱乐业主管和名人合作，采用若干战略在电视、电影和流行文化中推销其产品，包括交叉推销、产品置入和有系统地向娱乐业成员免费提供产品。11 12似乎ENDS制造商也在采取类似的策略。鉴于有大量研究显示在电影中观看吸烟对青少年开始吸烟的影响，13尼古丁的成瘾性质以及缺乏对其质量或安全性的监管保证，因此防止ENDS和其他类似产品通过在电影或其他娱乐媒体中使用名人促销或产品植入而引起轰动是非常重要的。
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)(colloquially called electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes) have been advertised increasingly aggressively in the USA and other countries in the past 4e5 years. 1 These cigarette-shaped batterypowered devices heat a liquid solution containing various concentrations of nicotine, creating a vapour for inhalation. In recent months, ENDS have started to appear in popular entertainment through movies, television shows and on-air advocacy by Hollywood celebrities. On 7 January 2011, the Los Angeles Times noted that ENDS were used by movie star Johnny Depp in the recently released film The Tourist. 2 On 27 September 2010, star Katherine Heigl appeared on ‘The Late Show with David Lettermen’, where both she and Mr Lettermen used ENDS. 2 Ms Heigl stated that she was using the device to quit smoking. When Mr Letterman asked Ms Heigl whether she could get addicted to the device, she replied that she was addicted to the device but that ‘. it is not bad for you, so it’sa fun addiction’. 3 In addition to this television event, the appearance was repeated on the web on entertainment blogs and was featured on the device’s commercial website. The US TV talk show,‘The Doctors’, featured ENDS among a list of top 10 health innovations of 2009. 4 On the show, the hosts, who are non-smoking actual medical doctors,‘smoked’ENDS. There was a report of ENDS being included in the gift bags for the attendees of the 2010 Grammy Awards5 and, most recently, ENDS bedazzled with Swarovski crystals in gift bags were distributed to nominees at the 2011 Academy Awards. 6 7 ENDS are being popularised without adequate independent research demonstrating their safety or efficacy for smoking cessation. A study conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluating the composition of ENDS nicotine solution found unlisted toxicants and nicotine concentrations inconsistent with the level advertised on the product. 8 The FDA issued warning letters to five ENDS distributors for various regulatory violations, including unsubstantiated claims and poor manufacturing practices. 9 Marketing claims vary among manufacturers and vendors, but the products are frequently promoted as a safe alternative to cigarettes and, in some instances, as smoking cessation aids. Neither the safety of the devices, nor their efficacy for quitting smoking, has been thoroughly scientifically evaluated. Three US states (California, Utah and New Jersey) prohibit the sale of ENDS to minors, and Oregon has reached settlements with two major ENDS manufacturers prohibiting the sale of the device. In addition, the US Air Force has included ENDS in its regulations governing tobacco use, which prohibits their use in the workplace. 10 In the past, the tobacco industry has partnered with entertainment executives and celebrities to employ several strategies to promote their products in television, movies and popular culture, including cross promotion, product placement and systematic supply of free products to entertainment industry members. 11 12 It appears that the ENDS manufacturers are adopting similar tactics. Given the substantial research demonstrating the effect of viewing smoking in the movies on adolescent smoking initiation, 13 the addictive nature of nicotine and the lack of regulatory assurance of their quality or safety, it is important to keep ENDS, and other similar products, from being sensationalised through the use of celebrity promotion or product placement in movies or other entertainment media.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Mekemson, C;Glantz, SA
通讯作者：
Glantz, SA
影响因子：
8
作者：
Sargent, JD;Beach, ML;Dalton, MA
通讯作者：
Dalton, MA
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Lum KL;Polansky JR;Jackler RK;Glantz SA
通讯作者：
Glantz SA