Shaping inhibition: activity dependent structural plasticity of GABAergic synapses.
Shaping inhibition: activity dependent structural plasticity of GABAergic synapses.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2014.00327
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Méndez P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flores CE;Méndez P
通过神经递质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的抑制传递，通过过滤突触传入信息和决定主细胞的活动来塑造哺乳动物大脑皮层的网络活动。使用GABA作为神经递质的皮质神经元群体令人难以置信地多样化，显示出同样不同的机制，这些机制调节GABA能突触传递强度的变化，并允许它们动态跟踪和控制神经元群的活动。与谷氨酸能突触传递类似，抑制性神经传递的活性依赖性功能改变伴随着GABA能突触结构的改变，范围从突触后密度的形态重组到从头形成和抑制接触的消除。本文综述了抑制性突触结构可塑性的几个方面，包括由不同形式的神经元活动、行为和感觉经验诱导的抑制性突触，以及涉及的分子机制和信号通路。鉴于影响抑制性突触的结构可塑性现象的异质性，我们讨论了GABA能突触结构可塑性对信息处理和记忆形成的功能影响。
Inhibitory transmission through the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shapes network activity in the mammalian cerebral cortex by filtering synaptic incoming information and dictating the activity of principal cells. The incredibly diverse population of cortical neurons that use GABA as neurotransmitter shows an equally diverse range of mechanisms that regulate changes in the strength of GABAergic synaptic transmission and allow them to dynamically follow and command the activity of neuronal ensembles. Similarly to glutamatergic synaptic transmission, activity-dependent functional changes in inhibitory neurotransmission are accompanied by alterations in GABAergic synapse structure that range from morphological reorganization of postsynaptic density to de novo formation and elimination of inhibitory contacts. Here we review several aspects of structural plasticity of inhibitory synapses, including its induction by different forms of neuronal activity, behavioral and sensory experience and the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved. We discuss the functional consequences of GABAergic synapse structural plasticity for information processing and memory formation in view of the heterogenous nature of the structural plasticity phenomena affecting inhibitory synapses impinging on somatic and dendritic compartments of cortical and hippocampal neurons.
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