Visual Processing in the Primate Brain

Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
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灵长类动物大脑的视觉处理

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发表时间:
2012
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通讯作者:
C. Baker
C. Baker
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作者:
C. Baker

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视觉开始于落在眼睛视网膜上的光的图案,结束于需要关于外部世界的详细信息的复杂行为。从视网膜开始,视觉处理的神经机制是高度专业化的,具有多个处理流的连续发散和收敛。当信号在视神经中离开眼睛时,已经有许多不同的视网膜神经节细胞群并行地向大脑发送信息。在丘脑中,外侧膝状体核的不同层包含具有不同功能特性的大细胞、小细胞和小细胞神经元,这些神经元似乎形成三条平行通路。最后,在大脑皮层中,从初级视觉皮层出现的背侧和腹侧处理流分别投射到顶叶和颞叶皮层,传达空间和物体信息。在这些皮层视觉流的末端,观察到高度复杂的特性,例如,对特定视觉刺激(如面部)的视线有选择性反应的区域,以及其特性与感知判断密切相关的单个神经元。最终,平行通路中的信息必须被整合以提供统一的感知,并且在视觉处理的所有阶段,不同处理流的分离很少是完全的,来自不同平行流的信号混合很多。本章将遵循人类和非人类灵长类动物从视网膜到高级皮层的视觉处理流程,强调组织在解剖和功能水平的一般原则。 保留字: 并行处理 灵长类动物; 视觉; 背流; 腹侧通路
Vision begins with patterns on light landing on the retina of the eye and ends with complex behaviors requiring detailed information about the external world. From the retina onwards, the neural machinery of visual processing is highly specialized with the continuous divergence and convergence of multiple processing streams. By the time signals leave the eye in the optic nerve there are already numerous distinct populations of retinal ganglion cells sending information in parallel to the brain. In the thalamus, the different layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus contain magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular neurons with distinct functional properties that appear to form three parallel pathways. Finally, in the cerebral cortex, the dorsal and ventral processing streams emerging from primary visual cortex project into parietal and temporal cortex conveying spatial and object information, respectively. At the ends of these cortical visual streams, highly complex properties are observed with, for example, regions selectively responding to the sight of specific visual stimuli, such as faces, and single neurons whose properties correlate very closely with perceptual judgments. Ultimately, the information in parallel pathways must be integrated to provide a unified percept, and at all stages of visual processing the segregation of different processing streams is rarely complete with much mixing of signals from different parallel streams. This chapter will follow the visual processing stream in human and nonhuman primates from the retina to high-level cortex highlighting the general principles of organization at anatomical and functional levels. Keywords: parallel processing; primate; vision; dorsal stream; ventral stream
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