Multi‐level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence

Multi‐level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence
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复杂性状的多层次趋同和生物发光的进化

DOI:
10.1111/brv.12672
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
10
通讯作者:
Oakley, Todd H.
Oakley, Todd H.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lau, Emily S.;Oakley, Todd H.

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进化趋同提供了研究新特征如何、何时以及为什么进化的自然机会。许多趋同的特征是复杂的,这突出了明确考虑生物组织不同层面的趋同的重要性,或“多层趋同进化”。为了研究多级收敛进化,我们提出了一个整体和分层的框架,强调将特征分解为几个功能模块。我们首先确定关于复杂性的起源和表型收敛背后的不同进化过程的长期问题,以讨论如何通过检查收敛系统来解决这些问题。我们认为,生物发光是一种复杂的特征,通过新的机制或保守的工具包进化了数十次,特别适合于这些研究。我们提出了一个最新的估计,至少94个独立的生物发光来源跨越生命之树,我们通过审查和总结所有独立来源的估计计算得出。然后,我们使用我们的框架来回顾生物发光的生物学、化学和进化,并针对每个生物学水平确定我们的系统综述中出现的问题。我们专注于使用共享的荧光素底物coelenterazine或varglin来发光的发光生物,因为这些生物会聚进化出使用相同的荧光素产生生物发光的生物发光蛋白。进化趋同不一定跨越生物层面,生物发光系统相关的生物功能、器官、细胞和分子的保守和差异就是例证。研究生物发光生物之间的差异将解决关于收敛进化中的可预测性和偶然性的基本问题。最后,我们重点介绍了生物发光研究中尚未探索的领域,以及有助于发展生物发光作为研究多能级会聚进化的模型系统的测序和化学技术的进展。
Evolutionary convergence provides natural opportunities to investigate how, when, and why novel traits evolve. Many convergent traits are complex, highlighting the importance of explicitly considering convergence at different levels of biological organization, or ‘multi‐level convergent evolution’. To investigate multi‐level convergent evolution, we propose a holistic and hierarchical framework that emphasizes breaking down traits into several functional modules. We begin by identifying long‐standing questions on the origins of complexity and the diverse evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic convergence to discuss how they can be addressed by examining convergent systems. We argue that bioluminescence, a complex trait that evolved dozens of times through either novel mechanisms or conserved toolkits, is particularly well suited for these studies. We present an updated estimate of at least 94 independent origins of bioluminescence across the tree of life, which we calculated by reviewing and summarizing all estimates of independent origins. Then, we use our framework to review the biology, chemistry, and evolution of bioluminescence, and for each biological level identify questions that arise from our systematic review. We focus on luminous organisms that use the shared luciferin substrates coelenterazine or vargulin to produce light because these organisms convergently evolved bioluminescent proteins that use the same luciferins to produce bioluminescence. Evolutionary convergence does not necessarily extend across biological levels, as exemplified by cases of conservation and disparity in biological functions, organs, cells, and molecules associated with bioluminescence systems. Investigating differences across bioluminescent organisms will address fundamental questions on predictability and contingency in convergent evolution. Lastly, we highlight unexplored areas of bioluminescence research and advances in sequencing and chemical techniques useful for developing bioluminescence as a model system for studying multi‐level convergent evolution.
细菌荧光素-荧光素酶反应中还原型核黄素或还原型核黄素磷酸盐的发光氧化。
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