Plant-Based Milk Alternatives and Risk Factors for Kidney Stones and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Plant-Based Milk Alternatives and Risk Factors for Kidney Stones and Chronic Kidney Disease.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.jrn.2021.03.011
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发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Loeb S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borin JF;Knight J;Holmes RP;Joshi S;Goldfarb DS;Loeb S
建议肾结石患者饮食中动物蛋白、钠和草酸盐含量较低，多吃水果和蔬菜，以及适量的钙（通常来自乳制品）。慢性肾病 (CKD) 患者也可能建议限制钠、钾和草酸盐的摄入。最近，出于健康、环境和动物福利的考虑，植物性饮食越来越受欢迎。我们的目标是比较流行品牌的牛奶替代品中对肾结石和慢性肾病重要成分的浓度。钠、钙和钾的含量从营养标签中获得。草酸盐含量通过离子色谱法和质谱法测量。澳洲坚果的钙含量最高，其次是大豆、杏仁、大米和牛奶；腰果、榛子和椰奶的含量最低。杏仁奶的草酸浓度最高，其次是腰果、榛子和大豆。椰奶和亚麻奶的草酸含量无法检测到；椰奶的钠、钙和钾含量也相对较低，而亚麻奶的钠含量最高。总体而言，燕麦奶的参数与牛奶最相似（钙、钾和钠含量适中，草酸盐含量低）。大米、澳洲坚果和豆奶也具有与牛奶相似的参数。随着植物性乳制品替代品消费量的增加，医疗保健提供者和肾病患者了解其营养成分非常重要。燕麦、澳洲坚果、大米和豆奶在肾结石风险因素方面与牛奶相比毫不逊色，而杏仁奶和腰果奶则有更多潜在的结石风险因素。由于钾、钠和草酸盐含量较低，椰奶可能是 CKD 患者良好的乳制品替代品。需要进一步研究以确定植物奶替代品对尿液化学的影响。
Patients with kidney stones are counseled to eat a diet low in animal protein, sodium and oxalate and rich in fruits and vegetables, with a modest amount of calcium, usually from dairy products. Restriction of sodium, potassium and oxalate may also be recommended in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, plant-based diets have gained popularity due to health, environmental and animal welfare considerations. Our objective was to compare concentrations of ingredients important for kidney stones and CKD in popular brands of milk alternatives. Sodium, calcium and potassium content were obtained from nutrition labels. Oxalate content was measured by ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Calcium content is highest in macadamia followed by soy, almond, rice and dairy milk; it is lowest in cashew, hazelnut and coconut milk. Almond milk has the highest oxalate concentration, followed by cashew, hazelnut and soy. Coconut and flax milk have undetectable oxalate levels; coconut milk also has comparatively low sodium, calcium and potassium, while flax milk has the most sodium. Overall, oat milk has the most similar parameters to dairy milk (moderate calcium, potassium and sodium with low oxalate). Rice, macadamia, and soy milk also have similar parameters to dairy milk. As consumption of plant-based dairy substitutes increases, it is important for healthcare providers and patients with renal conditions to be aware of their nutritional composition. Oat, macadamia, rice and soy milk compare favorably in terms of kidney stone risk factors with dairy milk, whereas almond and cashew milk have more potential stone risk factors. Coconut milk may be a favorable dairy substitute for patients with CKD based on low potassium, sodium and oxalate. Further study is warranted to determine the effect of plant-based milk alternatives on urine chemistry.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ermer T;Eckardt KU;Aronson PS;Knauf F
通讯作者：
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158.5
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评论：奶制牛奶摄入和乳腺癌风险：是否存在关联，罪魁祸首是什么？
影响因子：
7.7
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13.6
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