Alcohol consumption as self-medication against blood-borne parasites in the fruit fly.
Alcohol consumption as self-medication against blood-borne parasites in the fruit fly.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.045
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发表时间：
2012-03-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Schlenke, Todd A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milan, Neil F.;Kacsoh, Balint Z.;Schlenke, Todd A.
植物和真菌通常产生有毒的次生代谢物，限制它们的消费[1-4]，但产生抗药性的食草动物和食真菌动物可以获得这些资源，也可以保护自己免受非抗药性捕食者和寄生虫的侵害[3，5-8]。鉴于果蝇幼虫消耗生长在腐烂水果上的酵母，并对发酵产物产生抵抗力[9，10]，我们决定测试酒精是否能保护果蝇免受其常见的自然寄生虫--内寄生蜂的侵害[11-13]。在这里，我们表明，暴露在乙醇中减少了黄蜂对果蝇幼虫的产卵。此外，如果感染，果蝇幼虫的酒精消耗会增加生长在血腔中的黄蜂幼虫的死亡，并增加果蝇的存活率，而不需要典型的抗黄蜂免疫反应。乙醇为苍蝇幼虫提供的这种多方面的保护，对多面手的黄蜂比专门对付黑腹黄蜂的黄蜂更有效。最后，苍蝇幼虫在受到感染时会寻找含乙醇的食物，这表明它们将酒精作为一种抗黄蜂的药物。尽管黑色素杆菌的高抵抗力可能使其独特地适合于开发酒精的治疗特性，但酒精消费可能在其他生物体中具有类似的保护作用。
Plants and fungi often produce toxic secondary metabolites that limit their consumption [1–4], but herbivores and fungivores that evolve resistance gain access to these resources and can also gain protection against nonresistant predators and parasites [3, 5–8]. Given thatDrosophila melanogasterfruit fly larvae consume yeasts growing on rotting fruit and have evolved resistance to fermentation products [9, 10], we decided to test whether alcohol protects flies from one of their common natural parasites, endoparasitoid wasps [11–13]. Here, we show that exposure to ethanol reduces wasp oviposition into fruit fly larvae. Furthermore, if infected, ethanol consumption by fruit fly larvae causes increased death of wasp larvae growing in the hemocoel and increased fly survival without need of the stereotypical antiwasp immune response. This multifaceted protection afforded to fly larvae by ethanol is significantly more effective against a generalist wasp than a wasp that specializes onD. melanogaster. Finally, fly larvae seek out ethanol-containing food when infected, indicating that they use alcohol as an antiwasp medicine. Although the high resistance ofD. melanogastermay make it uniquely suited to exploit curative properties of alcohol, it is possible that alcohol consumption may have similar protective effects in other organisms.
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DOI：
10.1163/156854288x00049
发表时间：
1988-01-01
期刊：
NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
JANSSEN, A;DRIESSEN, G;ROODBOL, N
通讯作者：
ROODBOL, N
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
GIBSON, JB;MAY, TW;WILKS, AV
通讯作者：
WILKS, AV
DOI：
10.1016/0020-1790(84)90034-9
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
MCKECHNIE, SW;GEER, BW
通讯作者：
GEER, BW
DOI：
10.1016/0300-9629(83)90601-1
发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
DAVID, JR;VANHERREWEGE, J
通讯作者：
VANHERREWEGE, J
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Fleury, F;Ris, N;Bouletreau, M
通讯作者：
Bouletreau, M