How New Ideas Diffuse in Science

How New Ideas Diffuse in Science
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新思想如何在科学中传播

DOI:
10.1177/00031224231166955
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
9.1
通讯作者:
McFarland, Daniel A.
McFarland, Daniel A.
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cheng, Mengjie;Smith, Daniel Scott;Ren, Xiang;Cao, Hancheng;Smith, Sanne;McFarland, Daniel A.

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什么样的条件使新的知识贡献能够传播并融入后来的科学工作?以往的研究往往侧重于整个文化产品,如专利和文章,并强调外部社会因素的重要性。这篇文章的重点是概念的想法的反映,我们确定的综合影响,社会因素和内部的智力结构对概念的扩散。为了发展这一观点,我们使用计算技术来识别近60,000个在20年(1993年至2016年)在Web of Science中引入的新想法,并跟踪它们在3800万出版物中的传播。我们发现,当新思想在社会和智力上产生共鸣时,它们会传播得更广。当新思想到达不相关作者的广泛网络,实现一致的知识使用,与其他突出的思想相关联,并符合现存的研究传统时,它们就成为科学的核心概念。这些生态条件在一个思想的发展过程中,在它们与环境的关系确立之后,起着越来越决定性的作用。这项工作推进了科学思想的系统研究,超越了产品,专注于思想本身的内容,并应用了关系的角度,认真对待他们的成功的偶然性。
What conditions enable novel intellectual contributions to diffuse and become integrated into later scientific work? Prior work tends to focus on whole cultural products, such as patents and articles, and emphasizes external social factors as important. This article focuses on concepts as reflections of ideas, and we identify the combined influence that social factors and internal intellectual structures have on ideational diffusion. To develop this perspective, we use computational techniques to identify nearly 60,000 new ideas introduced over two decades (1993 to 2016) in the Web of Science and follow their diffusion across 38 million later publications. We find new ideas diffuse more widely when they socially and intellectually resonate. New ideas become core concepts of science when they reach expansive networks of unrelated authors, achieve consistent intellectual usage, are associated with other prominent ideas, and fit with extant research traditions. These ecological conditions play an increasingly decisive role later in an idea’s career, after their relations with the environment are established. This work advances the systematic study of scientific ideas by moving beyond products to focus on the content of ideas themselves and applies a relational perspective that takes seriously the contingency of their success.
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