STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND THE SKILL PREMIUM

STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND THE SKILL PREMIUM
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结构变化和技能溢价

DOI:
10.1016/j.strueco.2022.05.011
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发表时间:
2022-05
影响因子:
6.1
通讯作者:
SE YAN
SE YAN
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
KAIMING GUO;Jing Hang;SE YAN

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·如果吸收更多劳动力的部门是技能密集型的,那么结构变化会增加技能溢价,否则会降低技能溢价。·资本深化和部门生产率增长可能会通过推动结构性变革来改变技能溢价。·技能溢价沿着结构变化的变化取决于要素增值技术、资本-劳动替代性和要素密集度的部门差异。·部门内劳动力增加的技术变革通过美国经济的结构性变化机制显著影响技能溢价。不同于现有的研究,突出的作用,直接的技术变革,在造成变化的技能溢价,我们认为,资本深化和部门生产率的增长,即使既不技能偏见,也不熟练的偏见,可能会改变技能溢价驱动结构性变化。使用一个标准的结构变化模型与部门差异的要素增强技术,资本劳动替代性和要素密集度,我们表明,一个更大的部分熟练劳动力可能会重新分配到资本密集度较低的部门或灵活性较低的部门作为资本劳动比的增加。如果吸收更多劳动力的部门是技能密集型的,这一过程可能会增加技能溢价,否则会降低技能溢价。一个部门内资本增加或劳动力增加的技术变革也可能导致这种变化,即使它没有技能偏见或无技能偏见。我们将该模型应用于1977-2005年期间的美国经济。虽然资本深化和部门内资本增强型技术变革的影响有限,但部门内劳动增强型技术变革通过结构性变化机制显著影响技能溢价。我们发现,如果商品生产部门没有增加劳动力的技术变革,技能溢价下降了约四分之一,因为比商品生产部门更技能密集的服务部门的份额下降了一半以上福尔斯。
• Structural change increases the skill premium if the sector absorbing more labor is skill-intensive and decreases the skill premium otherwise. • Capital deepening and sectoral productivity growth may change the skill premium by driving structural change. • Variations in the skill premium along the process of structural change depend on sectoral differences in factor-augmenting technologies, capital-labor substitutability and factor intensity. • Within-sector labor-augmenting technological change significantly influences the skill premium through the mechanism of structural change in the U.S. economy. Unlike existing studies that highlight the role of directed technological change in causing variations in the skill premium, we argue that capital deepening and sectoral productivity growth—even when neither skill-biased nor unskilled-biased—may change the skill premium by driving structural change. Using a standard model of structural change with sectoral differences in factor-augmenting technologies, capital-labor substitutability and factor intensity, we show that a larger fraction of skilled labor may be reallocated to the less capital-intensive sector or the less flexible sector as the capital-labor ratio increases. The process may increase the skill premium if the sector absorbing more labor is skill-intensive and deceases the skill premium otherwise. Capital-augmenting or labor-augmenting technological change within a sector may also cause such changes, even when it is not skill-biased or unskilled-biased. We apply the model to the U.S. economy over the period 1977-2005. While the effects of capital deepening and within-sector capital-augmenting technological change are limited, within-sector labor-augmenting technological change significantly influences the skill premium through the mechanism of structural change. We find that without labor-augmenting technological change in the goods-producing sector, the skill premium decreases by about one quarter because the share of the services sector that is more skill-intensive than the goods-producing sector falls by more than half.
DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2013.01.005
发表时间: 2013-04
影响因子: 2
作者:
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通讯作者: Ariell Reshef
DOI: 10.3386/w8287
发表时间: 2001-05
期刊: IO: Productivity
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: D. Acemoglu
DOI: --
发表时间: 2007
期刊: --
影响因子: --
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通讯作者: W. Baumol
DOI: --
发表时间: 2013
期刊: --
影响因子: --
作者:
Berthold Herrendorf;Richard Rogerson;Á. Valentinyi
通讯作者: Berthold Herrendorf;Richard Rogerson;Á. Valentinyi
DOI: 10.1111/1467-937x.00226
发表时间: 2002-10-01
影响因子: 5.8
作者:
Acemoglu, D
通讯作者: Acemoglu, D