"Morphology is a witness which doesn't lie": diagnosis by similarity relation and analogical inference in clinical forensic medicine.
"Morphology is a witness which doesn't lie": diagnosis by similarity relation and analogical inference in clinical forensic medicine.
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“形态学是不说谎的证人”：临床法医学中的相似关系与类比推理诊断。
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.032
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rees G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rees G
在本文中，我利用半结构化的采访法医（FMEs）在苏格兰，以调查他们的诊断工作。借鉴经典的医学社会学诊断工作（例如，保罗·阿特金森和迈克尔·布鲁尔的工作），我对诊断的理解是一种主观的，但社会建构的活动，医生被教导识别（在这种情况下）损伤类型，最初通过明示，然后也通过检查。然后，我通过概述诊断的实际认知过程的机械方法来扩展经典研究中假设的分析，这些方法来自科学史家托马斯库恩的社会学阅读。有人认为，诊断是通过相似关系（比较新的情况下，以前观察到的），类比推理（画推理的基础上与以前的情况下的类比）。鉴于新的病例微妙地改变了个体FME的分类模式，导致诊断的潜在差异，FME社区需要进行大量的修复工作，以便按照法律要求将其证据构建为双方同意的事实证据。本文最后将对法医检查的未来，特别是关于事实/意见的区别，提出一些简短的评论。
In this paper, I utilise semi-structured interviews with Forensic Medical Examiners (FMEs) in Scotland in order to investigate their diagnostic work. Drawing upon classic medical sociological work on diagnosis (for instance, the work of Paul Atkinson and Michael Bloor), my understanding of diagnosis is as a subjective, but socially-constructed activity whereby medical practitioners are taught to identify (in this case) injury types, initially by ostension, then also by examination. I then extend the analysis postulated within the classic studies by outlining a mechanistic method for the actual cognitive process of diagnosis, drawn from a sociologically informed reading of the historian of science, Thomas Kuhn. It is argued that diagnosis is achieved by similarity relation (comparing new cases to those previously observed), and analogical reasoning (drawing inferences based on the analogy with previous cases). Given that new cases subtly alter the individual FME’s classificatory schema, resulting in potential differences in diagnoses, the FME community are required to conduct much reparative work in order to construct their evidence as consensual and factual, as is required by law. The paper will conclude with some brief comments on the future of forensic medical examinations, particularly concerning the fact/opinion distinction.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Timmermans
通讯作者：
S. Timmermans
学生和医生对伤口和伤害的认识。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Jones
通讯作者：
R. Jones
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Barnes;D. Bloor;J. Henry
通讯作者：
J. Henry
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
K. Knafl;G. Burkett
通讯作者：
G. Burkett
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ellison, Louise;Munro, Vanessa E.
通讯作者：
Munro, Vanessa E.