Phage Genetic Engineering Using CRISPR⁻Cas Systems.

Phage Genetic Engineering Using CRISPR⁻Cas Systems.
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DOI:
10.3390/v10060335
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发表时间:
2018-06-19
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hatoum-Aslan A
Hatoum-Aslan A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hatoum-Aslan A

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自十多年前被发现以来,被称为CRISPR-Cas的原核免疫系统已经提供了一套遗传工具,这些工具彻底改变了跨越所有生命领域的模型生物的研究。CRISPR介导的工具也出现在CRISPR-Cas免疫的天然靶点上,即特异性感染细菌的病毒。尽管它们是地球上最丰富的生物实体,但大多数噬菌体基因具有未分配的功能。这一现实强调了需要强大的遗传工具来研究它们。最近的报告表明,CRISPR-Cas系统,特别是三种主要类型(I,II和III),可以用于遗传工程,感染不同的宿主。在这里,这些系统中的每一个的机制,使用的具体策略,和噬菌体编辑的功效将进行审查。由于CRISPR-Cas系统在细菌和古细菌中的分布相对较广,预计这些免疫系统将提供普遍适用的工具,这些工具将促进对原核病毒的机制理解,并加速基于这些无处不在的生物体的新技术的开发。
Since their discovery over a decade ago, the class of prokaryotic immune systems known as CRISPR–Cas have afforded a suite of genetic tools that have revolutionized research in model organisms spanning all domains of life. CRISPR-mediated tools have also emerged for the natural targets of CRISPR–Cas immunity, the viruses that specifically infect bacteria, or phages. Despite their status as the most abundant biological entities on the planet, the majority of phage genes have unassigned functions. This reality underscores the need for robust genetic tools to study them. Recent reports have demonstrated that CRISPR–Cas systems, specifically the three major types (I, II, and III), can be harnessed to genetically engineer phages that infect diverse hosts. Here, the mechanisms of each of these systems, specific strategies used, and phage editing efficacies will be reviewed. Due to the relatively wide distribution of CRISPR–Cas systems across bacteria and archaea, it is anticipated that these immune systems will provide generally applicable tools that will advance the mechanistic understanding of prokaryotic viruses and accelerate the development of novel technologies based on these ubiquitous organisms.
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