Exploring coral reef biodiversity via underwater soundscapes
Exploring coral reef biodiversity via underwater soundscapes
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通过水下音景探索珊瑚礁生物多样性
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108901
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Saki Harii
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tzu-Hao Lin;Tomonari Akamatsu;Frederic Sinniger;Saki Harii
生物多样性信息对于评估珊瑚礁的生态状况至关重要。珊瑚礁相关生物产生的声音已被用作生物多样性指标。然而，非生物声音的干扰和缺乏全面的音频库阻碍了有效的评估。这项研究调查了水下声景作为遥感方法检测生物和人类活动的应用。使用长时间录音可视化、源分离和聚类等技术，音景被分为人为声音和生物来源的声音。我们的研究结果揭示了日本冲绳濑底岛附近珊瑚礁中生物声音的动态。浅水珊瑚礁中的生物声音比中光上层珊瑚礁中的生物声音更为突出，但它们的光谱特征和成分不同。浅水珊瑚礁以甲壳类动物的宽带声音和低频短暂的鱼叫声为主，而中光上层珊瑚礁的特点是各种各样的鱼类合唱和短暂的声音。我们还发现，航运噪音严重干扰了中光上层珊瑚礁的声景，并对低光栖息地的生命构成了无形的威胁。声景信息检索的应用技术揭示了珊瑚礁的独特生态状况和高时间分辨率的发声生物的行为变化。实施声景监测可以生成有关栖息地质量、珊瑚礁生物多样性、人类活动及其相互作用的生态信息。水下声景的全球合作将建立一个数据知情平台，并帮助利益相关者评估珊瑚礁对环境和人为压力源的恢复能力。
Information on biodiversity is essential to evaluate the ecological status of coral reefs. Sounds produced by reef-associated organisms have been used as a biodiversity indicator. However, the interference from abiotic sounds and the lack of a comprehensive audio library have impeded effective evaluation. This study investigated the application of underwater soundscapes as a remote-sensing method to detect biological and anthropogenic activities. Using techniques including the visualization of long-duration recordings, source separation, and clustering, soundscapes were separated into sounds of anthropogenic and biological sources. Our results revealed the dynamics of biological sounds among coral reefs off Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. Biological sounds were much more prominent in shallow-water reefs than in upper-mesophotic reefs, but their spectral features and compositions differed. The shallow-water reefs were dominated by broadband sounds of crustaceans and low-frequency transient fish calls, whereas the upper-mesophotic reefs were characterized by a diverse array of fish choruses and transient sounds. We also discovered that shipping noise heavily interfered with the soundscapes from the upper-mesophotic reefs and represented an invisible threat to life in the low-light habitat. The applied techniques of soundscape information retrieval revealed the distinct ecological status of coral reefs and the behavior change of sound-producing organisms in high temporal resolution. Implementation of soundscape monitoring can generate ecological information on habitat quality, reef biodiversity, human activities, and their interactions. Global collaboration on underwater soundscapes will establish a data-informed platform and help stakeholders assess the resilience of coral reefs to environmental and anthropogenic stressors.
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