Developing an equity-focused metric for quantifying the social burden of infrastructure disruptions
Developing an equity-focused metric for quantifying the social burden of infrastructure disruptions
复制标题
制定以公平为中心的指标来量化基础设施中断的社会负担
DOI：
10.1080/23789689.2022.2157116
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Jeffers, Robert F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Susan Spierre;Peterson, Sara K.E.;Shelly, Michael A.;Jeffers, Robert F.
美国的社区越来越依赖于老化的基础设施系统，并受到部分由于气候变化而导致的更频繁和更强烈的极端天气事件的挑战。然而，由于缺乏客观量化基础设施中断（如停电或停水）的社会后果的绩效指标，因此无法优先考虑这些系统中与安全相关的投资。本文概述了开发以公平为中心的弹性指标的过程，该指标捕捉了基础设施服务中断对家庭的社会后果。这一衡量标准在理论上以人类发展的能力方法理论为基础，侧重于估计家庭为维持其基本能力而采取的事后适应措施的负担（例如，获得食物和水的能力）和实现重要的家庭功能（例如，保持健康和幸福）。提出了一种考虑旅行相关费用、直接自付费用和机会成本的旅行成本方法（TCM），作为衡量地点价值的一种方式（例如，杂货店、紧急避难所等）提供服务，使家庭能够保持能力。一个重力加权模型的可访问性也被讨论作为一种方式来捕捉有多个潜在的服务位置，从中选择的价值，并提供了一种方法来捕捉影响家庭的能力，在停电期间访问重要的商品和服务的重要因素。建议的社会负担度量方程将TCM的估值原则纳入引力模型的框架，从而产生一种具有强大方法论遗产的新度量。文章最后讨论了填充拟议指标所需的数据类型以及这项工作的未来应用，这些数据可以为减轻停电对弱势群体造成的社会负担所需的弹性基础设施投资和规划提供信息。
Communities in the United States are increasingly dependent upon aging infrastructure systems and challenged by more frequent and intense extreme weather events due in part to climate change. However, prioritizing resilience-related investments in these systems is hindered by the lack of performance metrics that objectively quantify the societal outcomes of infrastructure disruptions, such as power or water outages. This article outlines the process of developing an equity-focused resilience metric that captures the social consequences of infrastructure service disruptions on households. Theoretically grounded in the Capabilities Approach (CA) theory of human development, this metric focuses on estimating the burden of post-event adaptations taken by households to maintain their basic capabilities (e.g., ability to access food and water) and fulfill important household functionings (e.g., maintaining health and well-being). A travel cost method (TCM) that considers travel-related expenses, direct out-of-pocket expenses, and opportunity costs is presented as a way to measure the value of locations (e.g., grocery stores, emergency shelters, etc.) that provide services that enable households to maintain capabilities. A gravity-weighted model of accessibility is also discussed as a way to capture the value of having multiple potential service locations from which to choose and offers a way to capture important factors impacting a household’s ability to access important goods and services during outages. The proposed social burden metric equation incorporates the valuation principles of the TCM into the framework of the gravity model, resulting in a novel metric with strong methodological heritage. The article concludes by discussing the types of data needed to populate the proposed metric and future applications of this work that could inform the resilient infrastructure investments and planning necessary to mitigate the social burdens of power outages on vulnerable populations.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Clark, Susan Spierre;Seager, Thomas P.;Chester, Mikhail V.
通讯作者：
Chester, Mikhail V.
衡量社会基础设施服务负担。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Amanda Wachtel;Darryl J. Melander;Robert Jeffers
通讯作者：
Robert Jeffers
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
N. Null
通讯作者：
N. Null
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Susan M. Opp
通讯作者：
Susan M. Opp