Epithelial cell extrusion requires the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 pathway.

Epithelial cell extrusion requires the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 pathway.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201010075
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发表时间:
2011-05-16
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rosenblatt J
Rosenblatt J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gu Y;Forostyan T;Sabbadini R;Rosenblatt J

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凋亡的上皮细胞向邻近细胞发出信号,通过释放1-磷酸鞘氨醇诱导垂死细胞挤出。为了维持完整的屏障,上皮细胞通过挤压来消除死亡细胞。在挤压过程中,注定凋亡的细胞向其邻近细胞发出信号,形成并收缩肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白环,将垂死细胞挤出上皮。在这里,我们证明了死亡细胞启动这一过程所产生的信号是鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(S1 P)。通过抑制鞘氨醇激酶活性或通过阻断细胞外S1 P进入其受体来减少S1 P合成,可防止凋亡细胞挤出。细胞外S1 P通过结合临近死亡细胞的细胞中的S1 P2受体来激活挤出,因为这些细胞中的S1 P2敲低或其在斑马鱼突变体中的损失破坏了细胞挤出。由于活细胞也可以被挤出,我们预测,这种S1 P途径也可能是重要的驱动分层的干细胞在分化或癌细胞的入侵。
Apoptotic epithelial cells signal to neighboring cells to induce dying cell extrusion by releasing sphingosine-1-phosphate. To maintain an intact barrier, epithelia eliminate dying cells by extrusion. During extrusion, a cell destined for apoptosis signals its neighboring cells to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin, which squeezes the dying cell out of the epithelium. Here, we demonstrate that the signal produced by dying cells to initiate this process is sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Decreasing S1P synthesis by inhibiting sphingosine kinase activity or by blocking extracellular S1P access to its receptor prevented apoptotic cell extrusion. Extracellular S1P activates extrusion by binding the S1P2 receptor in the cells neighboring a dying cell, as S1P2 knockdown in these cells or its loss in a zebrafish mutant disrupted cell extrusion. Because live cells can also be extruded, we predict that this S1P pathway may also be important for driving delamination of stem cells during differentiation or invasion of cancer cells.
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