Climate and symbioses with ants modulate leaf/stem scaling in epiphytes

Climate and symbioses with ants modulate leaf/stem scaling in epiphytes
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气候和与蚂蚁的共生调节附生植物的叶/茎缩放

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-019-39853-4
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
S. S. Renner
S. S. Renner
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chomicki;S. S. Renner

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在大多数种子植物中,叶的大小与茎的横截面积呈等距关系,这种关系被称为角规则。当茎或叶获得新的功能时,例如,在茎中空被蚂蚁占据的蚂蚁植物物种中,它们的比例预计会改变。在这里,我们使用附生蚂蚁的谱系来测试具有不同共生依赖程度的物种中蚂蚁巢穴结构的演变如何影响叶/茎的伸缩。我们预计叶的大小主要与气候有关,而茎的直径则会随着区域的进化而变化。利用286个标本馆标本的特征数据集、田间和温室观察、气候数据和一系列系统发育比较分析,我们发现叶/茎比例发生了显著变化,反映了专门共生的进化。我们的分析支持这两个预测,即茎直径的变化与共生进化(蚁巢结构)有关,而叶大小与降雨量独立相关。我们的研究强调了独立和不同的选择压力如何改变异速生长。由于比例关系的变化可能会影响互惠互利的成本和收益,研究互惠互利互动中的异速生长可能会意外地揭示物种之间合作的稳定性。
In most seed plants, leaf size is isometrically related to stem cross-sectional area, a relationship referred to as Corner’s rule. When stems or leaves acquire a new function, for instance in ant-plant species with hollow stems occupied by ants, their scaling is expected to change. Here we use a lineage of epiphytic ant-plants to test how the evolution of ant-nesting structures in species with different levels of symbiotic dependence has impacted leaf/stem scaling. We expected that leaf size would correlate mostly with climate, while stem diameter would change with domatium evolution. Using a trait dataset from 286 herbarium specimens, field and greenhouse observations, climatic data, and a range of phylogenetic-comparative analyses, we detected significant shifts in leaf/stem scaling, mirroring the evolution of specialized symbioses. Our analyses support both predictions, namely that stem diameter change is tied to symbiosis evolution (ant-nesting structures), while leaf size is independently correlated with rainfall variables. Our study highlights how independent and divergent selective pressures can alter allometry. Because shifts in scaling relationships can impact the costs and benefits of mutualisms, studying allometry in mutualistic interactions may shed unexpected light on the stability of cooperation among species.
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