Human–Infrastructure Interactions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Understanding Water and Electricity Demand Profiles at the Building Level
Human–Infrastructure Interactions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Understanding Water and Electricity Demand Profiles at the Building Level
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COVID-19 大流行期间人与基础设施的相互作用：了解建筑层面的水和电力需求概况
DOI：
10.1021/acsestwater.1c00176
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Faust, Kasey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spearing, Lauryn A.;Tiedmann, Helena R.;Sela, Lina;Nagy, Zoltan;Kaminsky, Jessica A.;Katz, Lynn E.;Kinney, Kerry A.;Kirisits, Mary Jo;Faust, Kasey M.
当工程师设计和管理建筑物的水电设施时，他们必须对资源使用做出假设。当需求发生意外变化时，例如在新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行期间观察到的空间和时间变化，这些假设往往会受到挑战。社会距离政策（SDP）的颁布导致许多大学关闭校园，实施远程学习，影响公用事业消费模式。然而，人们对建筑层面的消费如何变化知之甚少。在此，我们旨在通过识别每周需求特征以及了解这些变化与监管和社会制度的关系，了解疫情期间水电消耗的变化。我们对得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的五座不同类型的建筑物在大流行之前和之后测量的公用事业需求数据进行了k均值聚类。正如预期的那样，在SDPs颁布后，水和电的使用都发生了变化，大多数建筑物的初始使用量急剧下降，直到大学部分重新开放为止，这种下降一直很低。与用电相反，我们发现用水与SDPs紧密相关。我们的研究为管理者提供了可操作的信息，以减轻负面影响（例如，水停滞），并利用各种机会尽量减少资源使用。
When engineers design and manage a building’s water and electricity utilities, they must make assumptions about resource use. These assumptions are often challenged when unexpected changes in demand occur, such as the spatial and temporal changes observed during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Social distancing policies (SDPs) enacted led many universities to close their campuses and implement remote learning, impacting utility consumption patterns. Yet, little is known about how consumption changed at the building level. Here, we aim to understand how water and electricity consumption changed during the pandemic by identifying characteristic weekly demand profiles and understanding how these changes were related to regulatory and social systems. We performed k-means clustering on utility demand data measured before and as the pandemic evolved from five buildings of different types at the University of Texas at Austin. As expected, after SDPs were enacted both water and electricity use shifted, with most buildings seeing a sharp initial decline that remained low until the university partially reopened. In contrast to electricity use, we found that water use was tightly coupled with SDPs. Our study provides actionable information for managers to mitigate negative impacts (e.g., water stagnation) and capitalize on opportunities to minimize resource use.
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