Epigenetic addition of m(5)C to HBV transcripts promotes viral replication and evasion of innate antiviral responses.

Epigenetic addition of m(5)C to HBV transcripts promotes viral replication and evasion of innate antiviral responses.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41419-023-06412-9
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发表时间:
2024-01-12
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Guan, Wuxiang
Guan, Wuxiang
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ding, Shuang;Liu, Haibin;Liu, Lijuan;Ma, Li;Chen, Zhen;Zhu, Miao;Liu, Lishi;Zhang, Xueyan;Hao, Haojie;Zuo, Li;Yang, Jingwen;Wu, Xiulin;Zhou, Ping;Huang, Fang;Zhu, Fan;Guan, Wuxiang

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真核五甲基胞嘧啶(m5C)是病毒RNA剪接、稳定性和翻译的重要调节因子。然而,它在HBV复制中的作用在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中,在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) mRNA中发现了功能性m5C位点。m5C在nt 1291位点的修饰不仅是Aly/REF输出因子(ALYREF)识别促进病毒mRNA输出和HBx翻译所必需的,也是抑制RIG-I结合抑制干扰素-β (IFN-β)产生所必需的。此外,NOP2/Sun RNA甲基转移酶2 (NSUN2)催化m5C添加到HBV mRNA中,并被病毒蛋白HBx转录下调,从而抑制EGR1与NSUN2启动子的结合。此外,NSUN2的表达与宿主细胞中I型IFN mRNA的m5C修饰相关,从而正向调节IFN的表达。因此,NSUN2表达的微妙调控诱导HBV mRNA的m5C修饰,同时降低宿主IFN mRNA中m5C的水平,使其成为HBV生命周期的重要组成部分。这些发现为hbv介导的IFN抑制机制提供了新的分子见解,并可能为开发新的基于IFN-α的治疗方法提供信息。
Eukaryotic five-methylcytosine (m5C) is an important regulator of viral RNA splicing, stability, and translation. However, its role in HBV replication remains largely unknown. In this study, functional m5C sites are identified in hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA. The m5C modification at nt 1291 is not only indispensable for Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF) recognition to promote viral mRNA export and HBx translation but also for the inhibition of RIG-I binding to suppress interferon-β (IFN-β) production. Moreover, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) catalyzes the addition of m5C to HBV mRNA and is transcriptionally downregulated by the viral protein HBx, which suppresses the binding of EGR1 to the NSUN2 promoter. Additionally, NSUN2 expression correlates with m5C modification of type I IFN mRNA in host cells, thus, positively regulating IFN expression. Hence, the delicate regulation of NSUN2 expression induces m5C modification of HBV mRNA while decreasing the levels of m5C in host IFN mRNA, making it a vital component of the HBV life cycle. These findings provide new molecular insights into the mechanism of HBV-mediated IFN inhibition and may inform the development of new IFN-α based therapies.
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