Does compensatory neural activity survive old-old age?
Does compensatory neural activity survive old-old age?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.006
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Riis, Jenna L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daffner, Kirk R.;Sun, Xue;Tarbi, Elise C.;Rentz, Dorene M.;Holcomb, Phillip J.;Riis, Jenna L.
一种可能使老年人继续成功地完成某些认知任务的机制是分配比年轻人更多的资源。大多数先前的研究都没有包括超过70岁的人。在这里，我们调查了是否补偿性增加神经活动先前观察到的认知高性能的老年人将继续到老年。事件相关电位记录从72认知高性能的主题，年龄在18岁至96岁，而他们参加了一个主题控制的新奇古怪的范例，他们确定标准，目标，和新的视觉刺激的观看时间。与年轻和中年受试者相比，两个10岁-老年和老年-老年受试者表现出初步失配/匹配检测操作的损害，由衰减的前N2分量指示。这可能给随后的受控决策进程带来更大的负担，由P3索引，需要分配更多的资源。年龄与资源分配之间的关系，如P3振幅所测量的，从中年到非常老的年龄（45-96岁）遵循倒U形曲线（二次函数）。它在60年代末和70年代初达到顶峰。此后，年龄与资源分配之间呈反比关系。在控制了任务表现和MMSE的差异后，这种关系仍然显着。研究不同年龄组的P3分量的大小表明，虽然认知表现高的成年人在80年代初表现出P3振幅的减少，他们有一个相对保存良好的能力，适当的资源。然而，到了80年代后期，P3的大小出现了大幅下降（相对于10岁的成年人）。我们的研究结果表明，当进行控制处理，将注意力引导到突出的事件，认知高性能达到他们的能力的边界，虽然相对较晚的生活。这限制了他们的能力，适当的额外资源作为补偿活动与年龄有关的损害，在早期的视觉处理，并表明，这样的机制并不倾向于“生存”的老年。
One mechanism that may allow older adults to continue to successfully perform certain cognitive tasks is to allocate more resources than their younger counterparts. Most prior studies have not included individuals beyond their 70s. Here, we investigated whether compensatory increases in neural activity previously observed in cognitively high performing young-old adults would continue into old-old age. Event-related potentials were recorded from 72 cognitively high performing subjects, aged 18 to 96 years old, while they participated in a subject-controlled novelty oddball paradigm in which they determined viewing duration of standard, target, and novel visual stimuli. Compared to young and middle-aged subjects, both young-old and old-old subjects exhibited an impairment of preliminary mismatch/match detection operations, indexed by an attenuated anterior N2 component. This may have placed a greater burden on the subsequent controlled decision-making process, indexed by the P3, necessitating the allocation of more resources. The relationship between age and resource allocation, as measured by P3 amplitude, from midlife to very old age (45–96 years old) followed an inverted u-shaped curve (quadratic function). It peaked between the late 60s and early 70s. Thereafter, there was an inverse relationship between age and resource appropriation. This relationship remained significant after controlling for differences in task performance and MMSE. Examining the size of the P3 component across different age groups suggests that although cognitively high performing adults in their early 80s exhibit a reduction in P3 amplitude, they have a relatively well-preserved capacity to appropriate resources. However, by the late 80s, there is a robust decline (relative to young-old adults) in the size of the P3. Our results indicate that when carrying out controlled processing linked to directing attention to salient events, cognitively high performers reach the boundary of their capacity, albeit relatively late in life. This limits their ability to appropriate additional resources as compensatory activity for age-related impairments in earlier visual processing, and suggests that such a mechanism does not tend to “survive” old-old age.
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