Untying the Knot? France and Algeria in Contemporary Visual Culture
Untying the Knot? France and Algeria in Contemporary Visual Culture
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DOI：
10.1080/09639489.2011.565159
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
McGonagle J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGonagle J
此外，随着2012年两国历史上的重要里程碑--1962年3月阿尔及利亚战争结束的停火和1962年7月法国承认阿尔及利亚独立--50周年纪念日的到来，这种魅力只会增加。事实上，随着时间的推移，两国之间的关系似乎越来越复杂，尤其是因为法国的阿尔及利亚历史和法阿关系仍然夹在历史、记忆和生活经验之间。一方面，阿尔及利亚战争及其后果在过去20年中越来越合法，成为法国学术历史学家的一个主题，他们发现更容易获得档案材料并揭示困难的问题。我们可以最明显地指出本杰明·斯托拉（Benjamin Stora，1991）的开创性工作，但也可以指出新一代法国历史学家的活动，包括西尔维·泰诺（Sylvie Thénault，2001，2005）和拉斐尔·布兰奇（Raphaëlle Branche，2001，2005）。在过去几年里，通过翻译，托德谢泼德等国际历史学家的著作也在法国传播（2006，trans. 2008）关于法国与阿尔及利亚的法律的、政治和行政分离;吉姆·豪斯和尼尔·麦克马斯特（2006，trans. 2008），关于1961年10月17日在巴黎发生的事件。另一方面，法国在阿尔及利亚和其他地方的殖民活动及其遗留问题继续引起不可避免的批评和困难问题，导致了一些反措施，比如最终命运多舛的2005年法律，要求在法国学校教授法国在殖民时代的“积极作用”，或者以更间接的方式，在巴黎的国家移民历史城等倡议中，人们多少同意将法国作为一个移民之地。与此同时，在过去的20或30年里，一系列阿尔及利亚裔作家、电影制片人和视觉艺术家在法国文化领域的知名度不断提高，对他们来说，跨民族、文化和社会边界的身份定位是他们工作的核心。这类工作往往探讨因其作为移民或移民后裔的身份和地位而产生的身份和归属问题。换句话说，最近的历史和文化生产继续告诉我们的是，也许现在比以往任何时候都更需要我们一起思考法国和阿尔及利亚。这样做需要不断地在划分两国的边界上来回穿梭，以及绘制这些边界的地图，无论是地理边界还是行政边界（以其最明显的表现形式）或文化、社会和世代;但这也意味着重新审视法国和阿尔及利亚可以在多大程度上被分离出来，探索跨越这些边界的网络和流动，几乎到了中断的地步。法国和阿尔及利亚的过去和现在需要一起思考，重要的是他们之间的关系，这本身并不是一个新的想法。1997年，Etienne Balibar提出了一个问题：“法国，阿尔及利亚：一个或两个国家？”（Balibar 1998，第73页）;但在探讨Balibar的问题时，我们需要特别考虑两个进一步的问题：
Moreover, that fascination is only likely to increase as we head towards the 50th anniversary in 2012 of key landmarks in the history of both nations—the ceasefire marking the end of the Algerian War in March 1962, and the recognition of Algerian independence by France in July 1962. Indeed, it often seems that the relationship between the two countries is growing more rather than less complex as time passes, not least because France’s Algerian past and the Franco-Algerian relationship remain caught between history, memory and lived experience. On the one hand, the Algerian War and its consequences have acquired increasing legitimacy over the past two decades as a subject for academic historians in France, who have found it easier to access archival material and bring to light difficult questions. We can point most obviously to the groundbreaking work of Benjamin Stora (1991), but also to the activity of a new generation of French historians, including Sylvie Thénault (2001, 2005) and Raphaëlle Branche (2001, 2005). The past few years have also seen the dissemination via translation within France of the work of international historians such as Todd Shepard (2006, trans. 2008) on the legal, political and administrative disentanglement of France from Algeria; and Jim House and Neil MacMaster (2006, trans. 2008), on the events of 17 October 1961 in Paris.On the other hand, the inevitably critical and difficult questions which continue to be posed about France’s colonial activities and their legacy, both in Algeria and elsewhere, have led to counter-moves such as the ultimately ill-fated law of 2005 calling for the ‘positive role’of France during the colonial era to be taught in French schools, or in a more indirect way perhaps, to the somewhat consensual presentation of France as a terre d’immigration in initiatives such as the Cité nationale de l’histoire de l’immigration in Paris. At the same time, the past 20 or 30 years have been marked by the increasing visibility in the French cultural sphere of a range of writers, filmmakers, and visual artists of Algerian origin, for whom a hyphenated identity—their positioning across national, cultural and social frontiers—is central to their work. Such work has often explored problematic issues of identity and belonging deriving from their status and position as immigrants or descendants of immigrants. In other words, what recent history and cultural production continue to tell us is that, perhaps now more than ever, we need to think through France and Algeria together. Doing so involves a constant shuttling back and forth across the frontiers dividing the two, as well as a mapping of those frontiers, whether they be geographical and administrative (in their most obvious manifestation) or cultural, social and generational; but it also means revisiting the extent to which France and Algeria can be separated out at all, and exploring the networks and flows which cut across those frontiers almost to the point of disruption. That the past and present of France and Algeria need to be thought through together—that what counts is the relationship between them—is not in itself a new idea. It was raised by Etienne Balibar in 1997 when he asked the question,‘Algérie, France: une ou deux nations?’(Balibar 1998, p. 73); but in pursuing Balibar’s question, we need arguably to consider two further issues in particular: firstly, the different forms
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影响因子：
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