The development and psychometric evaluation of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Scale (STES).
The development and psychometric evaluation of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Scale (STES).
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DOI:
10.1037/a0032256
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
McCarthy, Denis M.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gottlieb, Joshua C.;Cohen, Lee M.;DeMarree, Kenneth G.;Treloar, Hayley R.;McCarthy, Denis M.
Expectancies regarding the effects of various psychoactive substances are important predictors of the initiation and maintenance of substance use. Although measures of outcome expectancies exist for several addictive substances, there is currently no measure to assess smokeless tobacco (ST) expectancies in an adult population. This paper presents two studies leading to the development and psychometric evaluation of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancy Scale (STES). Initially, 155 individuals listed all outcomes they expected to occur if they were to use ST products. From these responses, an initial pool of potential STES items was identified. The STES was then administered to two samples totaling 813 individuals (265 ST users, 270 cigarette smokers, and 278 non-tobacco users). The first study consisted of 315 participants who completed a 68-item measure. An exploratory factor analysis identified 10 items that may account for individuals’ ST expectancies. Items loaded on two factors: 1) Negative Health Consequences, and 2) Positive Reinforcement. A confirmatory factor analysis on an independent sample (n = 498) supported the proposed factor structure. Furthermore, in both samples, the STES accurately discriminated ST users from smokers and non-users. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential uses of the STES for advancing the understanding of ST use.
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影响因子:
2.1
作者:
Wiium, Nora;Aaro, Leif E.
通讯作者:
Aaro, Leif E.
影响因子:
5.2
作者:
Zhu, S-H;Wang, J. B.;Galanti, M. R.
通讯作者:
Galanti, M. R.
影响因子:
4.7
作者:
Juliano, LM;Brandon, TH
通讯作者:
Brandon, TH
影响因子:
5.2
作者:
Mejia, Adrienne B.;Ling, Pamela M.;Glantz, Stanton A.
通讯作者:
Glantz, Stanton A.
DOI:
10.1207/s15374424jccp2704_5
发表时间:
1998-12-01
期刊:
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子:
--
作者:
Kury, SP;Rodrigue, JR;Perri, MG
通讯作者:
Perri, MG