The development and psychometric evaluation of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Scale (STES).

The development and psychometric evaluation of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Scale (STES).
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DOI:
10.1037/a0032256
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
McCarthy, Denis M.
McCarthy, Denis M.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gottlieb, Joshua C.;Cohen, Lee M.;DeMarree, Kenneth G.;Treloar, Hayley R.;McCarthy, Denis M.

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对各种精神活性物质效果的预期是开始和维持物质使用的重要预测因素。虽然存在对几种成瘾物质的预期结果的衡量标准,但目前还没有评估成年人群中无烟烟草(ST)预期结果的衡量标准。本文介绍了两项研究,导致无烟烟草期望量表(STES)的发展和心理测量评估。最初,155名受试者列出了他们使用ST产品时预期发生的所有结局。从这些答复中,确定了潜在STES项目的初始池。然后对两个样本进行STES,共计813人(265名ST使用者,270名吸烟者和278名非烟草使用者)。第一项研究由315名参与者组成,他们完成了68项测量。探索性因素分析确定了10个项目,可能占个人的ST预期。项目加载两个因素:1)负面健康后果,2)积极强化。一个独立的样本(n = 498)的验证性因素分析支持拟议的因素结构。此外,在这两个样本中,STES准确地区分了吸烟者和非吸烟者的ST用户。研究结果进行了讨论的潜在用途的STES为推进ST使用的理解。
Expectancies regarding the effects of various psychoactive substances are important predictors of the initiation and maintenance of substance use. Although measures of outcome expectancies exist for several addictive substances, there is currently no measure to assess smokeless tobacco (ST) expectancies in an adult population. This paper presents two studies leading to the development and psychometric evaluation of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancy Scale (STES). Initially, 155 individuals listed all outcomes they expected to occur if they were to use ST products. From these responses, an initial pool of potential STES items was identified. The STES was then administered to two samples totaling 813 individuals (265 ST users, 270 cigarette smokers, and 278 non-tobacco users). The first study consisted of 315 participants who completed a 68-item measure. An exploratory factor analysis identified 10 items that may account for individuals’ ST expectancies. Items loaded on two factors: 1) Negative Health Consequences, and 2) Positive Reinforcement. A confirmatory factor analysis on an independent sample (n = 498) supported the proposed factor structure. Furthermore, in both samples, the STES accurately discriminated ST users from smokers and non-users. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential uses of the STES for advancing the understanding of ST use.
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