White matter analysis of the extremely preterm born adult brain.
White matter analysis of the extremely preterm born adult brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118112
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发表时间：
2021-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Melbourne A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Irzan H;Molteni E;Hütel M;Ourselin S;Marlow N;Melbourne A
我们研究了极端早产对大脑网络结构和微结构特征的长期影响。极早产的成人大脑的层次组织是完整的;然而，与足月大脑相比，极早产的大脑具有显著降低的结构连接性和神经突密度。最显着的变化是在躯体感觉和运动皮质区，并在深核。出生后，大量的神经影像学研究对早产儿的大脑进行了分析;然而，很少有研究关注婴儿期以后早产儿的白色物质改变，特别是在极低孕龄（28周前）出生的个体。极早产的年轻成人的神经影像学数据，现在可以调查中断的神经发育的长期结构改变。我们研究了极早产的年轻成人的白色物质层次组织和显微结构。具体来说，我们首先确定了85个极端早产的年轻人的假定枢纽和外围区域，并将其与53个社会经济匹配和足月出生的同龄人进行比较。此外，我们分析了分数各向异性（FA），平均扩散率（MD），神经突起密度指数（NDI），和方向分散指数（ODI）的白色物质在枢纽，周边地区，并在整个大脑。我们的研究结果表明，极早产儿的成人大脑的层次组织仍然完好无损。然而，有证据表明，白色物质的连通性显着改变在宏观和微观结构水平上，与整体减少连接，减少FA和NDI，增加MD，和可比的ODI;这表明，虽然WM纤维的空间配置是可比的，有更少的WM纤维每体素。这些改变在整个大脑中被发现，并且在深部灰质区域、额叶区域和小脑之间的通路上沿着更为普遍。这项工作提供的证据表明，与过早暴露于子宫外环境相关的白色物质异常不仅存在于足月相当的年龄，而且持续到成年早期。
We investigated the long-term effect of extreme prematurity on structural and microstructural characteristics of the brain network. The hierarchical organisation of the extremely preterm adult brain is intact; however, the extremely preterm brain has significantly reduced structural connectivity and neurite density compared to the term brain. The most significant alterations are observed in the somatosensory and motor cortical areas, and in the deep nuclei. The preterm brain has been analysed after birth by a large body of neuroimaging studies; however, few studies have focused on white matter alterations in preterm subjects beyond infancy, especially in individuals born at extremely low gestation age - before 28 completed weeks. Neuroimaging data of extremely preterm young adults are now available to investigate the long-term structural alterations of disrupted neurodevelopment. We examined white matter hierarchical organisation and microstructure in extremely preterm young adults. Specifically, we first identified the putative hubs and peripheral regions in 85 extremely preterm young adults and compared them with 53 socio-economically matched and full-term born peers. Moreover, we analysed Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity (MD), Neurite Density Index (NDI), and Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI) of white matter in hubs, peripheral regions, and over the whole brain. Our results suggest that the hierarchical organisation of the extremely preterm adult brain remains intact. However, there is evidence of significant alteration of white matter connectivity at both the macro- and microstructural level, with overall diminished connectivity, reduced FA and NDI, increased MD, and comparable ODI; suggesting that, although the spatial configuration of WM fibres is comparable, there are less WM fibres per voxel. These alterations are found throughout the brain and are more prevalent along the pathways between deep grey matter regions, frontal regions and cerebellum. This work provides evidence that white matter abnormalities associated with the premature exposure to the extrauterine environment not only are present at term equivalent age but persist into early adulthood.
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