Re-engaging cross-reactive memory B cells: the influenza puzzle.
Re-engaging cross-reactive memory B cells: the influenza puzzle.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00053
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Ahmed R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellebedy AH;Ahmed R
一种新型甲型流感病毒株的出现对人类构成了持续的公共卫生威胁。接种疫苗是预防流感的最有效方法。记忆B细胞和长寿浆细胞的产生可以长时间维持流感特异性抗体的保护水平，这是此类疫苗成功的基础。流感疫苗引发主要针对病毒表面糖蛋白的抗体应答。然而，免疫显性表位内频繁的氨基酸突变允许病毒有效地逃避预先存在的抗体的中和，从而导致每年的流行病和偶尔的大流行。最近，靶向亚显性流感表位的单克隆抗体（mAb）已被广泛表征。这些表位是免疫原性的，可以介导病毒中和，最重要的是在不同的流感病毒株中是保守的。然而，仍然令人困惑的是，尽管以疫苗接种或自然感染的形式反复暴露于流感血凝素（HA）的这种保守结构域，但大多数人并没有发展出可以针对新出现的病毒株提供广泛保护的免疫记忆。在这里，我们将讨论的条件，可能需要从事这种交叉反应的记忆B细胞的免疫反应，流感感染和疫苗接种在人类。
The emergence of a novel influenza A virus strain into humans poses a continuous public health threat. Vaccination is the most effective means of protection against influenza. The generation of memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells that can maintain protective levels of influenza-specific antibodies for protracted periods of time is the foundation for the success of such vaccines. Influenza vaccines elicit an antibody response that is primarily targeting viral surface glycoproteins. However, frequent amino acid mutations within the immunodominant epitopes allow the virus to efficiently escape neutralization by pre-existing antibodies and consequently cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target subdominant influenza epitopes have been extensively characterized. These epitopes are immunogenic, can mediate virus neutralization, and most importantly are conserved among different influenza strains. It remains puzzling, however, that despite being repeatedly exposed to such conserved domains of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) either in the form of vaccination or natural infection, most humans do not develop immunological memory that can provide broad protection against emerging virus strains. Here we will discuss the conditions that may be required for engaging such cross-reactive memory B cells in the immune response to influenza infection and vaccination in humans.
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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