Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics.

Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrg2603
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发表时间:
2009-08
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
影响因子:
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其他
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虽然自然选择的运作要求基因型在适应性上有所不同,但对一些遗传学家来说,理解自然选择似乎比理解适应性更容易。这在一定程度上反映了这样一个事实,即“健康”一词已被用来表示微妙的不同事物。在这里,我区分这些含义(例如,个体与绝对与相对适应度),并解释进化遗传学家如何利用适应度来预测种群遗传组成随时间的变化。我还回顾了健身的实证研究,强调利用最近的遗传和基因组数据的方法。最后,我强调尚未解决的重要问题。
Although the operation of natural selection requires that genotypes differ in fitness, for some geneticists it seems easier to understand natural selection than fitness. Partly this reflects the fact that the word “fitness” has been used to mean subtly different things. Here I distinguish among these meanings (e.g., individual versus absolute versus relative fitness) and explain how evolutionary geneticists use fitness to predict changes in the genetic composition of populations through time. I also review the empirical study of fitness, emphasizing approaches that take advantage of recent genetic and genomic data. Finally, I highlight important unresolved problems.
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