The Osteocyte: New Insights.

The Osteocyte: New Insights.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034332
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发表时间:
2020-02-10
影响因子:
18.2
通讯作者:
Bonewald LF
Bonewald LF
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Robling AG;Bonewald LF

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骨细胞是一种古老的细胞,出现在早期鱼类和恐龙的骨化石中。尽管骨细胞相对丰富,即使在非骨骼细胞的背景下,骨细胞可能是所有脊椎动物生物学中研究最少的细胞之一。骨细胞是嵌入骨中的细胞,能够通过独立于骨形成成骨细胞和骨吸收破骨细胞的专门分子重塑机制来改变其周围的细胞外基质。骨细胞通过不同的信号分子与破骨细胞和成骨细胞进行通讯,这些信号分子包括RankL/OPG轴和Sost/Dkk 1/Wnt轴等。骨细胞还通过作为内分泌细胞发挥作用,控制肾脏中的磷酸盐重吸收、胰腺中的胰岛素分泌和骨骼肌功能,从而将其影响扩展到局部骨环境之外。这些细胞也是机械刺激的微调传感器,与效应细胞协调,以调整骨量,大小和形状,以符合机械需求。
Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the osteocyte is perhaps among the least studied cells in all of vertebrate biology. Osteocytes are cells embedded in bone, able to modify their surrounding extracellular matrix via specialized molecular remodeling mechanisms that are independent of the bone forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteocytes communicate with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via distinct signaling molecules that include the RankL/OPG axis and the Sost/Dkk1/Wnt axis, among others. Osteocytes also extend their influence beyond the local bone environment by functioning as an endocrine cell that controls phosphate reabsorption in the kidney, insulin secretion in the pancreas, and skeletal muscle function. These cells are also finely tuned sensors of mechanical stimulation to coordinate with effector cells to adjust bone mass, size, and shape to conform to mechanical demands.
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