Gender Diversity and Brain Morphology Among Adolescents.
Gender Diversity and Brain Morphology Among Adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13139
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发表时间：
2023-05-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
性别多样性是否与一般人群中青少年的特定脑形态学特征相关？在这项对荷兰普通人群中的2165名青少年进行的横断面研究中，在报告性别多样性的青少年和没有报告性别多样性的青少年之间观察到总脑容量测量值没有显着差异。这些发现揭示了生物学在性别多样性发展中的作用，并可能有助于消除污名化，提高接受度，并改善具有不同性别身份的个人的生活质量。这项横断面研究探讨了荷兰一般儿科人群中青少年性别多样性的脑形态学相关性。临床和非临床人群都显示，与一般人群相比，性别多样化的青年有更高的心理健康问题发生率。然而，性别多样性的大脑相关性仅在患有性别焦虑症的青少年或变性人中报道。研究出生时被分别指定为男性或女性的一般儿科人群中青少年的性别多样性的脑形态学相关性。这项横断面研究被纳入了在荷兰鹿特丹进行的一项基于多种族人群的R世代研究。2002年4月1日至2006年1月31日期间出生的青少年，以及13至15岁时自我报告或父母报告的性别多样性和结构神经影像学信息。数据分析于2022年4月1日至7月31日进行。根据青少年和/或其父母的报告，使用Achenbach经验评估表系统和青少年和成人性别认同/性别焦虑问卷中的选定项目测量青少年的性别多样性经历。使用3-T磁共振成像扫描仪（在单个部位）收集高分辨率结构神经成像数据。我们使用线性回归模型来研究报告性别多样性的青少年和没有报告性别多样性的青少年之间的全球脑容量测量差异。该研究包括2165名参与者，扫描时平均（SD）年龄为13.8（0.6）岁。共有1159名参与者（53.5%）在出生时被分配为女性，1006名（46.5%）在出生时被分配为男性。关于产妇原籍国，1 217名母亲（57.6%）来自荷兰，896名母亲（42.4%）来自荷兰以外。报告性别多样性的青少年与未报告性别多样性的青少年在全球脑容量测量方面没有差异。在出生时被指定为男性的青少年的全脑顶点分析中，与没有性别多样性的青少年相比，在报告性别多样性的青少年中观察到左颞下回皮质较厚。在顶点分析中没有观察到性别多样性和表面积之间的关联。这项横断面研究的结果表明，全球脑容量的措施并没有不同的青少年谁报告的性别多样性和那些谁没有。然而，这些研究结果进一步表明，一般人群中的性别多样性与出生时被指定为男性的青少年中颞下回的特定脑形态学特征相关。复制这些发现是必要的，以阐明在一般人群中的性别多样性的潜在神经生物学基础。未来的纵向研究也应该调查这些协会的方向性。
Is gender diversity associated with specific brain morphologic features among adolescents in the general population? In this cross-sectional study of 2165 adolescents from the Netherlands general population, no significant differences in total brain volumetric measures were observed between youths who reported gender diversity and youths who did not. These findings shed light on the role of biology in the development of gender diversity and may contribute to destigmatization, greater acceptance, and improved quality of life for individuals with diverse gender identities. This cross-sectional study examines brain morphology correlates of gender diversity among adolescents from a general pediatric population in the Netherlands. Gender-diverse youths have higher rates of mental health problems compared with the general population, as shown in both clinical and nonclinical populations. Brain correlates of gender diversity, however, have been reported only among youths with gender dysphoria or in transgender individuals. To examine brain morphologic correlates of gender diversity among adolescents from a general pediatric population who were assigned male or female at birth, separately. This cross-sectional study was embedded in Generation R, a multiethnic population-based study conducted in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Adolescents who were born between April 1, 2002, and January 31, 2006, and had information on self-reported or parent-reported gender diversity and structural neuroimaging at ages 13 to 15 years were included. Data analysis was performed from April 1 to July 31, 2022. Gender-diverse experiences among adolescents were measured with selected items from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment forms and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults, as reported by adolescents and/or their parents. High-resolution structural neuroimaging data were collected using a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner (at a single site). We used linear regression models to examine differences in global brain volumetric measures between adolescents who reported gender diversity and those who did not. This study included 2165 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 13.8 (0.6) years at scanning. A total of 1159 participants (53.5%) were assigned female at birth and 1006 (46.5%) were assigned male at birth. With regard to maternal country of origin, 1217 mothers (57.6%) were from the Netherlands and 896 (42.4%) were from outside the Netherlands. Adolescents who reported gender diversity did not differ in global brain volumetric measures from adolescents who did not report gender diversity. In whole-brain, vertexwise analyses among adolescents assigned male at birth, thicker cortices in the left inferior temporal gyrus were observed among youths who reported gender diversity compared with those who did not. No associations were observed between gender diversity and surface area in vertexwise analyses. The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that global brain volumetric measures did not differ between adolescents who reported gender diversity and those who did not. However, these findings further suggest that gender diversity in the general population correlates with specific brain morphologic features in the inferior temporal gyrus among youths who are assigned male at birth. Replication of these findings is necessary to elucidate the potential neurobiological basis of gender diversity in the general population. Future longitudinal studies should also investigate the directionality of these associations.
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影响因子：
6
作者：
Conway BR
通讯作者：
Conway BR
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Fischl, Bruce
通讯作者：
Fischl, Bruce
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Deogracias, Joseph J.;Johnson, Laurel L.;Zucker, Kenneth J.
通讯作者：
Zucker, Kenneth J.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Anderssen, Norman;Sivertsen, Borge;Malterud, Kirsti
通讯作者：
Malterud, Kirsti